WATER TREATMENT POTABLE WATERWATER THAT IS DRINKABLE SAFE

WATER TREATMENT • POTABLE WATER…WATER THAT IS DRINKABLE; SAFE FOR CONSUMPTION • DRINKING WATER TREATMENT IS WIDESPREAD IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES TODAY • HOWEVER, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LACK SAFE DRINKING WATER…RESULT IN MANY DEATHS • DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

DRINKING WATER TREATMENT • RESERVOIR OR AQUIFER WATER IS PUMPED TO A FACILITY WHERE IT IS TREATED WITH CHEMICALS TO REMOVE ANY PARTICULATE MATTER • WATER IS THEN PASSED THROUGH FILTERS OF SAND, GRAVEL, AND CHARCOAL TO FURTHER REMOVE IMPURITIES • WATER IS TREATED WITH CHLORINE &/OR UNDERGOES UV TREATMENT FOR FINAL

WASTE WATER • WATER THAT PEOPLE HAVE USED IN SOME WAY • SEWAGE • SHOWERS/SINKS • WASHING MACHINES/DISHWASHERS • MANUFACTURING • INDUSTRIAL CLEANING PROCESSES • STORM WATER RUNOFF

SEPTIC SYSTEMS • METHOD OF WASTEWATER DISPOSAL IN RURAL AREAS • SEPARATES SOLIDS FROM LIQUID • DIGESTS & STORE ORGANIC MATTER • CLARIFIED LIQUID IS DISCHARGED INTO AN UNDERGROUND DRAIN/LEACH FIELD & INTO SURROUNDING SOIL • SOIL MICROORGANISMS DEGRADE & DECOMPOSE THE

MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT • ROUTINE IN URBAN, DENSELY POPULATED AREAS IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES • PRIMARY & SECONDARY TREATMENT IS

PRIMARY TREATMENT • PHYSICAL REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS IN SETTLING TANKS OR CLARIFIERS • APPROXIMATELY 60% OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS ARE REMOVED

SECONDARY TREATMENT • BIOLOGICAL PROCESS THAT INVOLVES WASTEWATER PROCEEDING TO AERATION BASINS • STIRRED & OXYGENATED • AEROBIC BACTERIA DEGRADE THE ORGANIC POLLUTANTS • 90% SUSPENDED ORGANIC SOLIDS ARE REMOVED

TERTIARY (ADVANCED) TREATMENT • PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROCESS OF REMOVING SPECIFIC POLLUTANTS LEFT IN THE WATER • EX: REMOVING SPECIFIC TOXIC CHEMICALS (HEAVY METALS) FROM LOCAL INDUSTRIAL PLANTS • EX: EXCESS NITRATES FROM WATER CONTAMINATED WITH EXCESS FERTILIZERS • EXPENSIVE PROCESS…OCCURS ONLY IN A FEW LOCATIONS

FINAL STAGES • WATER TREATED WITH CHLORINE…OZONE…OR UV LIGHT TO KILL INFECTIOUS AGENTS • EFFLUENT PIPED INTO RIVER OR OCEAN

SLUDGE • SOLID MATERIAL THAT IS REMOVED DURING THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS • PARTIALLY DRIED ON SITE THEN TRANSPORTED TO LOCAL MUNICIPAL INCINERATOR OR DISPOSED OF IN A LANDFILL • MAY BE USED AS FERTILIZER ON CROPLANDS IN AREAS WHERE INDUSTRIAL & MANUFACTURING