Water Storage Transport Distribution WATSAN M 15 ERU

Water Storage, Transport & Distribution

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Contents 1. Needs 2. Crucial principles 3. Storage 4. Transport and Distribution 2

WATSAN M 15 ERU 1. Needs Water Storage, Transport and Distribution 3

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Water-related emergency operations have the aim to provide safe and sufficient water for … 1. Drinking 2. Cooking 3. Personal hygiene 4. Domestic hygiene THE SPHERE PROJECT WATER SUPPLY STANDARD 1 4

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution 2. Crucial principles - Quantity - Proximity - Water sources protection 5

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Crucial principles Quantity • Every reduction in the available quantity directly affects people's health 15 litres person per day (minimum) • In emergencies people use more water than in a normal situation THE SPHERE PROJECT WATER SUPPLY STANDARD 1 6

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution It is preferable a large quantity of water of acceptable quality than a small quantity of water of high quality. 7

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Proximity Water consumption directly depends on the distance to the water source. Distance shorter than 500 metres THE SPHERE PROJECT WATER SUPPLY STANDARD 1 8

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Protection of water sources Without sufficient and immediate protection, water sources quickly become sources of diseases and epidemics. THE SPHERE PROJECT WATER SUPPLY STANDARD 2 9

WATSAN M 15 ERU 3. Storage Water Storage, Transport and Distribution 10

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution A water supply basic system 1. Raw water abstraction and storage 4. Distribution © Santiago Arnalich 2002 2. Treatment 3. Drinking water storage 11

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Beneficiaries participation The participation of benefiaries at all levels leads to the following advantages: 1. System culturally accepted 2. Reinforcement of ownership 3. Provides sustainability to the system 4. Improves self-esteem in crisis time 12

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Relevance of water storage: 1. Improves water quality 2. Absorbs flow demand peaks and water source fluctuations 3. Allows maintenance & repairs but providing the service 4. Keeps pressure in water points 13

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution • To ensure water distribution during flow demand peaks Carry out storage calculation to satisfy demand (see handout) 14

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Planning water storage We must store the largest amount as possible, 24 hours minimum supply. Storage is a crucial element in any water supply system. 15

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Planning water storage • Choose small tanks (5 and 10 m 3) • Avoid large earth movements to elevate the tanks • Carry out an adequate drainage • Cover open tanks • Fence working area 16

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution ERU WATSAN MOD. 15 Water Tanks Open tank with metallic structure Seine (30 m 3) Raw water / Pre Treatment / Mass water SRC 17

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution ERU WATSAN MOD. 15 Water Tanks Open flexible onion tank Seine (30 m 3) Raw water / Pre Treatment / Mass water SRC 18

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution ERU WATSAN MOD. 15 Water Tanks Open flexible onion tank Seine (10 m 3) Raw water / Pre Treatment / Mass water SRC 19

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution ERU WATSAN MOD. 15 Water Tanks SRC Closed flexible bladder tank Seine (10 m 3) Drinking water 20

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution 21 ERU WATSAN MOD. 15 Water Tanks SRC Closed flexible bladder tank Seine with interior screens to avoid water movement, adequate for water transport in lorries (5 m 3) Drinking water

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution ERU WATSAN MOD. 15 SRC STORAGE CAPACITY (NEW 2008) Each box CAP/01 (total 5 boxes): 1 onion tank 30 m 3 Each box CAP/03 (total 5 boxes): 1 onion tank 10 m 3 Each box DIS/01 (total 5 boxes): 2 bladder tank 5 m 3 Each box DIS/02 (total 5 boxes): 1 bladder tank 5 m 3 Each box DIS/03 (total 5 boxes): 1 bladder tank 5 m 3 Each box (total 5 boxes) : 1 bladder tank 10 m 3 TOTAL STORAGE CAPACITY: Closed tanks (drinking water): 150. 000 litres Open tanks (raw water and/or mass water): 200. 000 litres 22

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Maintenance • Disinfect the onion tanks before packing. Pour 1, 000 litres of clean water with 150 gr. of chlorine. Move the water in the tank to reach all parts and leave it 30 minutes to work. • Empty the tanks and leave then to totally dry. • Fold and pack the tanks in the original packing. • Do not store in damp places or where there are rodents. • Do not store with sharp objects above or bellow the tanks. • Disinfect the bladder tanks before using them in the same way as the onion tanks before packing them. • Use the repair kit in case of cuts. 23

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution 4. Transport & Distribution 24

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Water transport or tankering to: • Static water tanks • Directly to the benefiaries Tankering operations are complex and expensive, thus, we have to avoid then if possible although they are unavoidable in many occasions in emergencies. AIM: Maximum distance between homes and water points must not exceed 500 metres (Sphere Project pg. 73). 25

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Tankering conditions : • Quick installation of static tanks where to unload water • Equal distribution • Easy access and turning space for lorries • Good drainage at water points • 1 day consumption storage reserve • Possibility of site improvement 26

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Direct distribution from lorries to population: • Clean containers to collect water • Equal distribution • Volunteers to organise queuing system 27

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Tankering operations must be well-organised specially during the first stages of the emergency, to avoid chaos and unrest. 28

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Tankering Water distribution with a 5, 000 litre flexible tank disposed on a lorry. 29

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Tankering 7, 000 litre tanker 30

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Tankering Water distribution with a 5, 000 litre PVC rigid tank with pump disposed on a lorry 31

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Calculation of the number of lorries Nº of deliveries per tanker in a day = Working hours in a day / gross turnaround time (A) Total number of deliveries in a day = Daily tankered water / volume per tanker (B) Number of tankers = B / A + 25% 32

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Location of drinking water tanks : • In elevation regarding tapstands (or water ramps or water horses): pressured water flow by gravity. • Tanks no too high regarding water treatment plant 33

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Tank location Earth base. Approximately 30º slope. Tie with ropes Sand bags base. Approximately 45º slope Earth-filled metallic barrels and planks 34

WATSAN M 15 ERU Tank location 10, 000 closed flexible tanks on a wooden structure Water Storage, Transport and Distribution 35

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Tapstands THE SPHERE PROJECT Minimum one tap per 250 people on the account of a water flow per tap of 7, 5 litres per minute 36

WATSAN M 15 ERU Water Storage, Transport and Distribution Tapstands • • Watch out peak demand collection Volunteer surveillance System ramification Avoid stagnant water 37