Water Sanitation and Hygiene WASH and waterborne disease

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and waterborne disease Richard Gelting, Ph. D. , P. E. Center for Global Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Global Health, Division of Global Health Protection

Importance of WASH q Diarrhea = 2 nd largest cause of <5 mortality q 88% of deaths from diarrheal diseases attributable to unsafe WASH conditions q Poor WASH also contributes to: § respiratory diseases (handwashing) § Neglected tropical diseases (e. g. , trachoma) § Malnutrition § Vector-borne diseases (poor drainage forming mosquito breeding habitat)

3

Access to Water and Sanitation in Haiti Based on WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program 2015 q At least basic access to Drinking Water Sources 1 § Urban § Rural § Overall q 81% 40% 64% (99% regional average LAC) (86%) (96%) Access to Improved Sanitation Facilities 2 § Urban § Rural § Overall 37% 22% 31% (90%) (68%) (86%) Either safely managed source or improved drinking water source within 30 min (improved = piped water into dwelling or yard, public standpipe, tubewell or borehole, protected spring, rainwater) 2 Either safely managed facility or improved sanitation facility not shared (improved = facility that hygienically separates human excreta from human contact) Reference: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water and Sanitation 1 4

WASH Interventions q We know WASH works: § Improved water sources can lead to ~21% reduction in diarrhea illness § Improved sanitation can lead to a ~37% reduction in diarrhea illness § Handwashing can reduce the number of diarrhea cases by 35% § Improved drinking water quality can lead to a ~45% reduction in diarrheal episodes 8

Lessons from History Typhoid Fever Trend (Mortality per 100, 000) and Sanitary Interventions, 1900– 1936 Cutler D, Miller G. Demography. 2005; 42(1): 1 -22.

Objectives q Increase coverage of sustainable WASH facilities and services § Aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) § Including health care facilities, schools, markets q Strengthen capacity to sustain facilities and services § Technical and administrative q Improving the situation will require long term effort 10

Increasing coverage for Sanitation takes time 11

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! For more information please contact Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 Telephone, 1 -800 -CDC-INFO (232 -4636)/TTY: 1 -888 -232 -6348 E-mail: cdcinfo@cdc. gov Web: www. cdc. gov The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Center for Global Health Division of Global Health Protection