Water Resources Potential of Pakistan Challenges and Opportunities

Water Resources Potential of Pakistan Challenges and Opportunities By Engr: Rooh Ul Mohsin (Technical Officer, Irrigation Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - PAKISTAN) Country Water Assessment Final Workshop and South-South Water Management Experience Sharing Beijing-Yichang-Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China 21 -25 June 2016 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this document are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this document, and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation or reference to a particular territory or geographical area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Major Rivers of Pakistan

Status of Pakistan’s Water Resources • Population = 180 Million • Population density = 214 inhabitants/km 2 • Country’s land area = 79. 3 Million Ha • Annual precipitation = 4. 94 Million Ha m/year • Irrigated Area = 18 Million Ha • Additional/potential area = 9. 2 Million Ha • Length of Canal system = 56073 km • Avg annual availability of water = 17. 51 Million Ha m (142 MAF) • Annual Canal Diversion = 12. 95 Million Ha m (105 MAF) Kharif = 8. 26 Million Ha M (67 MAF) Rabi = 4. 69 Million Ha m (38 MAF) • Avg Annual escapage to sea = 4. 56 Million Ha m (37 MAF )

Water withdrawal

DEPLETION IN PER CAPITA WATER AVAILABILITY m 3/Year

HISTORY OF FLOOD DAMAGES IN PAKISTAN Year Direct Losses (US $ million) Lost Lives Affected Villages Flood Area (Km 2) 1950 227 2, 910 10, 000 17, 920 1955 176 679 6, 945 20, 480 1956 148 160 11, 609 74, 406 1957 140 83 4, 498 16, 003 1959 109 88 3, 902 10, 424 1973 2, 388 474 9, 719 41, 472 1975 318 126 8, 628 34, 931 1976 1, 621 425 19, 390 81, 920 1977 157 848 2, 185 4, 657 1978 1, 036 393 9, 199 30, 597 1981 139 82 2, 071 4, 191 1983 63 39 643 1, 882 1984 35 42 251 1, 093 1988 399 508 100 6, 144 1992 1, 400 1, 008 13, 208 38, 758 1994 392 431 1, 622 5, 568 1995 175 591 6, 852 16, 686 1998 NA 47 161 NA 2001 NA 201 NA NA 2003 NA 230 NA NA 2010 10, 056 1, 985 17, 533 160, 000 2011 66 516 NA 9, 098 Total 19, 045 11, 866 128, 516 576, 230

PROVINCE WISE LOSSES / DAMAGE DUE TO RAIN – FLOOD 2010 Province / Agency Total Affected Districts Cropped Area Affected (Ha) Punjab 11 746, 9 9. 20 Sindh 17 1, 043, 500 KPK 24 Baluchistan Road Mileage (Km) Villages Affected Water Courses Damaged Persons Died Persons Injured 375. 773 2, 819 1, 778 2, 598 110 262 7. 185 879, 978 8, 467 11, 988 6, 990 411 1, 235 121, 500 3. 8 257, 294 6, 511 544 1, 790 1, 068 1, 198 12 132, 500 0. 7 79, 720 2, 077 2, 896 47 54 104 FATA - 7, 220 * 5, 419 1, 257 * 0 * * Gilgit Baltistan 7 7, 900 0. 1 3, 157 382 347 960 183 60 AJK 7 33, 100 0. 2 6, 843 3, 575 0 657 71 87 Total 78 2, 092, 600 20. 185 1, 608, 184 25, 088 17, 553 13, 042 1, 985 2, 946 Source: NDMA and DNA Report. * Data not known Population Houses Affected Damaged (M)

MAJOR TRIBUTORIES OF INDUS RIVER IN KPK Upper Siran Canal Siran River Lower Siran Canal Indus River Kunhar River Icher Canal Haro River Daur River Khan Pur Dam Sarai Saleh Channel L. B. C R. B. C Mingora Swat River Tarbela Dam P. H. L. C Amandara H/W SWAT RIVER Swabi 280 Km §Population 5. 737 Million Swan River Indus River Chashma Barrage U. S. C Lower Swat Mardan Kalabagh Barrage Kabul River Nowshera Kohat Toi Panj Kora River Munda H/W Kohat Main Canal Peshawar L. B. Canal K. R. C §Catchment area Elevation 6000 m – 500 m above SPD Pehur Main Machai Branch §Catchment Area 13650 Km 2 §Length 40 miles Ghazi Brotha Barrage Topi Bazi Irrigation Scheme 130 miles Tanda Dam Warsak Canal Bannu Warsak Lift Canal Tank Civil Canal Kurram Ghari H/W Kurram Tangi Dam Marwat Canal §Bed Slope 21 m/Km & 2 m/Km Baran Dam §Annual Flow 0. 9 M Ha m (7. 049 MAF) CRBC Kurram River Tochi Baran Link Kaitu River Tochi River

Flow Pattern of Swat River Flow Pattern. mpg VIDEO

Total Cropped Area Total Affected Area 1273 6368 50 257 6 231 90 2676 2408 90 Charsadd 7807 44903 35922 80 39038 50 390 a 6 351 90 6392 5753 90 8472 847 10 3173 476 15 Swat 12355 74130 60 0 0 19768 12849 65 10751 6451 60 0 3145 629 20 0 0 % Area Affected Total Affected Area Tobacco Total Cropped Area % Area Affected Vegetable Total Affected Area % Area Affected Total Affected Area Rice Total Cropped Area % Area Affected Sugar Cane Total Cropped Area Nowshera 26897 100 Total Affected Area Maize Total Cropped Area % Area Affected District Total Affected Area Total Cropped Area Field Crops Damages Orchard 0 28641 8592 30

Munda Headwork (Pre Flood 2010)

Munda Headworks on Swat River (During Flood 2010)

Munda Headwork (After Flood 2010)

Munda Headwork (Restored)

Flood Mitigation Measures (Recommendations) I. Structural Measures Criteria/design standards may be reviewed for major structures in light of the changes in flood patterns and stream behaviors. Height of FPW may be fixed based on the morphological study of the River. Vigilant watch of the existing FP infrastructure and its appropriate maintenance based on scientific footings. Construction of new reservoirs transforming floods from Burden / catastrophe to Useful & Precious water Resources. The existing natural/manmade constriction in the River Sections must be removed in accordance with the new requirements.

Flood Mitigation Measures (Recommendations) II. Non Structural Measures Vulnerability and risk assessment. Flood Plain Zoning. Land use planning and implementation. Removal of encroachment from the Flood Plains. Effective Early warning System in the upper parts of the Catchments. Flood preparedness and Capacity building of the respective communities. Sustainable Catchment management with the involvement of stack holders. Coordination amongst the Govt. organizations for optimization of the flood fighting efforts.

Munda Dam as Flood Mitigation Instrument Had Munda Dam constructed, the 2010 floods’ devastation could have been mitigated. Height of Proposed M Dam 213 m Length 760 m Live storage 0. 7 MAF E/Cost 1400 Million US$ Annual Storage Benefits 46 Million US$ Ø Power Generation 187 Million US $ Ø Estimated Life 105 Years

Thanks