WATER POLLUTION CONTENTS Introduction 1 Factors of various

WATER POLLUTION

CONTENTS Introduction 1. Factors of various pollutants and pollution 2. Consequences of water pollution 3. How to remedy the pollution of water? Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Water is a vital resource for all living beings. Unfortunately, it has now become rare and valuable. It is threatened by pollution, which makes measurements increasingly important, especially related to Human activities, industrialization and urban environments in many countries. Pollution causes degradation of the water quality.

INDUSTRIALIZATION

JAKARTA

Water is a vital resource for all living beings. Unfortunately, it has now become rare and valuable. It is threatened by pollution, which makes measurements increasingly important, especially related to activities Human, industrialization and urban environments in many countries. Pollution causes degradation of the water quality.

1. Pollution factors and different pollutants The water pollution comes mainly from industrialization, and this in all areas.

This is particularly true in agriculture as the major water pollutants are: - pesticides and herbicides, much used in intensive agriculture, which penetrate the soil and reach groundwater or flowing in rivers. The same happens with nitrates (NO 3) - Fertilizers contaminate the water located nearby. - Water is also polluted by phosphorus (P PO 4) and organic nutrients, resulting from the use of fertilizers and intensive farming as well as domestic and industrial discharges.

This is particularly true in agriculture as the major water pollutants are pesticides and herbicides, much used in intensive agriculture, which penetrate the soil and reach groundwater or flowing in rivers. It happens the same with nitrates (NO 3) in fertilizers made with cultures when excess in nature, they contaminate the water located nearby. Water is also polluted by phosphorus (P PO 4) and organic nutrients, resulting from the use of fertilizers and intensive farming as well as domestic and industrial discharges.

Lead (Pb) can also contaminate water. Lead which is a heavy metal, can dissolve in water. Therefore the use of lead pipes is now prohibited.

• 2. Consequences of water pollution

• Water pollution concerns the quality of our health and well-being. • It can cause short or long term serious damages for our health and the environment and have significant economic implications.

First, pollution destroyes the fauna and the flora naturally present in water : it results in more or less important changes. Pollution by organic nutrients makes life impossible for fish and other organisms living in river water, rivers and seas.

• Pesticides accumulate in small animals and thus enter the food chain, can contaminate all other living beings.

• The multiple water pollutants can cause humans diseases such modifications of DNA or mutations, cancer, nervous system disruption, reproductive problems. . . All these diseases can lead to long-term death . •

• The UN (United Nations) estimates that water pollution is the first cause of mortality in the world to malnutrition.

• 3. How to address water pollution?

• To fight against water pollution and its many harmful effects, men have established a water treatment system of used and polluted water. In France, for consumption, the water must meet very strict quality criteria. There also water agencies whose mission is to fight against pollution, manage water resources and preserve the aquatic environment. Recently, France has set up a schedule for restoring water quality: these are called SDAGE (Schémas Directeurs d'Aménagement et de Gestion de l'Eau = Plans for improvement and management of water). To control pollution from agriculture, the authorities rely on different tools: regulatory, economic or voluntary.

• But the water treatment and the institutions responsible for preserving the water are very expensive for consumers. • Therefore many countries worldwide have no access to drinkable water.

• But with this protection water quality in Europe is improving and continues to improve after 30 years of effort. Today, the collective challenge of Europe (with the European directive framework on water, in 2000) is to get back to living in rivers, ecosystems of quality, to stop the degradation of resources and environments, and to achieve good water status by 2015. For this, we must control the pollution of urban and industrial areas, to reduce the discharge of heavy metals in the marine environment, reduce the impact of agriculture on water resources in Europe etc. . . •

• Conclusion • The issue related to water pollution is capital and the responsibility of everyone at every level of civic involvement, is committed. • Water, our common heritage is fragile and limited, including degradation, despite 40 years of protection policies and management remains a concern in all sectors, now requires the mobilization of all. Conserve resources, distribution of drinking water, collect and clean the dirty water and prevent risks requires the participation of many stakeholders.

Do you think, that in the future, every people will have good water ? That’s the question…