Water in the Atmosphere Review Slide Water Changes

Water in the Atmosphere

Review Slide -Water Changes State The three states of matter solid, liquid, and gas (and plasma)

Humidity amount of water vapor in air.

Relative Humidity © The actual water-vapor content/amount of water vapor air can hold at that temp. and pressure. © Instrument Psychrometer

Wet- and Dry Bulb Relative Humidity (RH) Chart Know how to calculate! 1. Find the Wet and Dry Temperatures 2. Subtract 3. Compare the “Difference” vs. Dry to get the %

Dew Point The temp. at which air would need to be cooled be a liquid (saturation).

Cloud Formation When air is cooled to its dew point *Need Condensation Nuclei (dust)

Cloud Formation

Cloud Classification http: //www. pbs. org/ wgbh/nova/labs/lab/ cloud/

Three Types of Clouds Cirrus (cirrus = curl of hair) high, white, and thin Cumulus (cumulus = a pile) rounded, have a flat base and rising domes or towers Stratus (stratus = a layer) sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky

Cumulus

Stratus

CIRRUS CLOUDS

CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS • Thunderstorm Clouds • Produce Hail, Lightning, and Thunder • Anvil shaped • Can reach into the stratosphere • Nimbo - Rain

High Clouds • Examples: • Cirrus • Cirrostratus • Cirrocumulus

Middle Clouds (Alto) • Examples: • Altocumulus: • Altostratus:

Low Clouds • • • Examples: Stratus Stratocumulus Nimbostratus Cumulonimbus

Fog • A cloud with its base at or very near the ground. • 4 Types

Fog • • Radiation: Surface cools at night by radiation Advection: Warm air carried over cool surface Upslope: Small-scale orographic clouds Steam: Warm water evaporates into cold air 5. Hail, Snow and other forms of water

Radiation Fog

Advection Fog

Upslope Fog

Steam Fog

Different types of fog found throughout the U. S.

How Does Precipitation Form? Water droplets condense on dust.

Forms of Precipitation • • Rain Snow Sleet Hail

Measuring Precipitation – Rain gauge – Doppler radar

Freezing Rain 4. Why it Rains

Hail 5. Hail, Snow and other forms of water

5. Hail, Snow and other forms of water

1. Water is part of the atmosphere

Record Hailstone, SD 2010 1. Water is part of the atmosphere

Frost 5. Hail, Snow and other forms of water

Acid Rain -Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide from Burning Coal

Effects of Acid Rain

Review Questions • What is relative • What are the 4 types of humidity? Precipitation? • What is dew point? • What is the cause, and what are the effects of • How are clouds Acid Rain? classified? – What are the examples? • How does fog form? – What are the examples?