Water Cycle notes How does the hydrosphere move

Water Cycle notes How does the hydrosphere move over time? (all of Earth’s water)

Reservoir l A place where water resides in a cycle − NOT always a human-built dammed basin l Examples include: ocean, rivers, glaciers, groundwater, air X

Water Cycle l How water moves around the planet, powered by the sun l Has 4 main steps Infiltration

Evaporation l Liquid water going to the air, turning into water vapor (a gas) − Come from oceans, lakes, rivers, etc. − Driven by heat from the sun! l Evaporation from plants is called transpiration l Evaporation leaves behind “non-water” (salt, pollution, etc. )

Condensation l Water vapor condenses (changes from gas to liquid) into liquid water (a. k. a. a cloud!) − Always happens with cooling! − Condensation needs a surface

C 4 U Why does condensation occur high up in the air?

Precipitation l Water (liquid or solid) falling from the sky onto earth − Rain, snow, hail, sleet, etc.

Accumulation l Water gathering together on or in the land in reservoirs like lakes, oceans, groundwater, and glaciers l Two ways to do it: runoff and infiltration − Runoff – Water flowing over the ground in rivers − Infiltration – Water going into the ground, getting filtered, eventually joining the sea

Groundwater l l Also called water table, water in the ground Place in the ground, where if you dig a hole, you would find water, like in a well l Groundwater moves slowly, but gets filtered l Aquifer – part of underground that allows water to flow l Spring – Groundwater meeting surface

Aquifer demo

Infiltration Which parts of the water cycle can clean water? Which part is the most polluted?

Water Purification Natural: vs. Human:

Water Purification Natural: Evaporation & Infiltration vs. Human: Add chemicals, mix, settle, filter (similar to infiltration), more chemicals (like chlorine)