Water Corruption Stefanie Kaiser seecon international gmbh Water

Water Corruption Stefanie Kaiser, seecon international gmbh Water Corruption 1

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Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. Contents 1. Introduction 2. What is Corruption? 3. Water & Corruption: A Destructive Partnership 4. Who Is Involved in Water Corruption? 5. Anti-Corruption: Training Manual on Water Integrity 6. References Water Corruption 3

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 1. Introduction Why is Corruption in the Water Sector an Issue? ? ? ? n o i t p Corru à Water corruption is a cause and catalyst for the water crisis. Source: UNDP (2011) Water Corruption 4

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 1. Introduction Why is Water Corruption an Issue? Water corruption affects all aspects and many stakeholders of the water sector: Water resources management Drinking water Irrigation Hydropower Sanitation services TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (2008) Water Corruption 5

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 2. What is Corruption? Source: QUINO (n. y. ) Water Corruption --> 6

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 2. What is Corruption? Source: QUINO (n. y. ) Water Corruption 7

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 2. What is Corruption? Source: RODRIGO (2009) à “Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain”. TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (2009) Water Corruption 8

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 2. What is Corruption? Definition Corruption = Monopoly + Discretion - Accountability KLITGAART (1988) Corruption can entail acts of: • Omission or commission • Legal or illegal activities • Internally in the organisation (e. g. embezzlement) or externally (e. g. extortion) à Corruption leads to inefficiency, injustice and inequity. Adapted from KLITGAART et al. (1996) Water Corruption 9

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 3. Water and Corruption: A Destructive Partnership Water crisis cause catalyst Water corruption Source: http: //ethanolfamine. com/ water. jpg [Accessed: 06. 11. 2012] à Water corruption catalyses the worldwide water sector crisis: • Removes investment • Diverts finance from the maintenance of infrastructure • Charges escalated costs and bribes for drinking water from the poor. • Discourages the society in believing in a well functioning water sector. Adapted from PLUMMER (2008) Water Corruption 10

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 3. Water and Corruption: A Destructive Partnership Water crisis cause catalyst Water corruption Source: http: //ethanolfamine. com/ water. jpg [Accessed: 06. 11. 2012] à Water crisis is a crisis of governance: • Misuse of power & authority • Low accountability • Institutional dysfunction • Low transparency • Poor financial management • Low participation PLUMMER (2000); WIN (2011) Water Corruption 11

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 3. Water and Corruption: A Destructive Partnership The Impact of Corrupt Practices Can Also Be Environmental • Increased pollution • Depleted groundwater • Increased salinity • Increased deforestation and desertification PLUMMER (2008) Water Corruption 12

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 4. Who is Involved in Water Corruption? It’s not only the politicians! Corrupt politicians. Source: UNKNOWN (n. y. ) It includes a wide range of stakeholders: • International actors (donor representatives and companies) • Construction companies • Consultancy firms and suppliers • Large and small operators • A range of middlemen Water Corruption • Consumers • Civil Society Organisations • National/ regional/ local politicians • Civil servants and utility staff • Enforcement Bodies Adapted from PLUMMER & CROSS (2006) 13

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 5. Anti-Corruption: Training Manual on Water Integrity. . How to Fight Against Water Corruption? An Overview • Identifying corruption risks • Anti-corruption laws and institutions • Improve transparency and access to information • Strengthening accountability WATER GOVERNANCE FACILITY et al. (n. y. ) à The fight against water corruption is crucial for development in the water and sanitation sector. Water Corruption 14

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 5. Anti-Corruption: Training Manual on Water Integrity Identifying Corruption Risks The water sector needs to be better informed on corruption risks: • By assessing potential corruption risks. • Link identified corruption risks to actions against corruption. WATER GOVERNANCE FACILITY et al. (n. y. ) Water Corruption 15

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 5. Anti-Corruption: Training Manual on Water Integrity Anti-Corruption Laws and Institutions • Anti-corruption laws, i. e. legal definitions of criminal offences, authorities which investigate infractions and enforce laws when they are violated. • International conventions as advocacy tools (e. g. UN Convention Against Corruption) • Institutional reforms (e. g. decentralisation, stakeholder participation, private sector participation, a new goal for the organisation) • Strengthening accountability through anti-corruption agencies, ombudsmen, public auditors, judiciaries, the media and NGOs WATER GOVERNANCE FACILITY et al. (n. y. ) Water Corruption 16

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 5. Anti-Corruption: Training Manual on Water Integrity Tools to Improve Transparency and Access to Information • Public meetings with stakeholders and citizens (including a facilitator, e. g. a NGO) • “Access-to-information”-laws • Community participation methodologies (e. g. participatory appraisal, community mapping) • Raising citizens’ voice by cooperation with local action groups. • Participatory budgeting • Complaints and ombudsman’s offices • Monitored procurement à Promoting access to information is a key tool for strengthening transparency. WATER GOVERNANCE FACILITY et al. (n. y. ) Water Corruption 17

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 5. Anti-Corruption: Training Manual on Water Integrity Some Simple Actions to Improve Water Integrity • Keep technologies and designs as simple, practical and relevant as possible. • Plan water service with the community, involving leaders, rich and poor, men as well as women. • Simplify information, plans, designs, reports and accounts so that they are understandable by all stakeholders. WATER GOVERNANCE FACILITY et al. (n. y. ) Water Corruption 18

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 5. Anti-Corruption: Training Manual on Water Integrity Strategies for Strengthening Accountability • Working on parallel fronts to influence policies and laws, their implementation and monitoring, support of action groups, community participation, research and tools, etc. • Preventive and positive approaches to ensure that individuals and institutions are willing to improve accountability. • Collaboration and partnerships: always work with a number and mix of actors from the government, the public and private sector, as well as formal and informal groups. • Awareness raising and capacity building of institutions and their personnel. • Clarifying responsibilities in private and governmental sector. WATER GOVERNANCE FACILITY et al. (n. y. ) Water Corruption 19

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. 5. Anti-Corruption: Training Manual on Water Integrity Time to wake up. Source: http: //www. wsp. org/about/Cartoon%20 Calendars/2006%20 Calendar [Accessed: 16. 01. 2013] Water Corruption 20

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. References ANTI-CORRUPTION BUREAU, MAHARASHTRA (n. y. ): Flyer Don‘t Give, Don‘t Take. URL: http: //agarwalad. com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/images/anti_corruption_poster. 257140335_large. jpg [Accessed: 21. 11. 2012] KLITGAART, R. (1988): Controlling Corruption. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. KLITGAART, R. ; MACLEAN-ABAROA, R. ; PARRIS, H. L. (1996): A Practical Approach to Dealing With Municipal Malfeasance. Urban Management Programme. Marrakech: UNDP/UNCHS/WORLD BANK. URL: http: //www. bezkorupce. cz/documents/studie/klitgaard-parris-strategie-pro-mesta. pdf [Accessed: 22. 11. 2012]. PLUMMER, J. (2008): Water and corruption: a destructive partnership. In: TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (Editor) (2008): Global Corruption Report 2008. Corruption in the Water Sector. New York. URL: http: //www. transparency. org/content/download/32994/505946 [Accessed: 07. 01. 2010]. PLUMMER, J. ; CROSS, P. (Editor) (2006): Tackling Corruption in the Water and Sanitation Sector in Africa. Starting the Dialogue. In: Campos, E. ; Pradhan, S. (Editor) (2007): The Many Faces of Corruption. Tracking Vulnerabilities at the Sector Level. Washington D. C. RODRIGO (2009). Corruption. URL: http: //www. toonpool. com/user/1631/files/corruption_664345. jpg [Accessed: 02. 11. 2012]. QUINO (n. y. ). Corruption. URL: http: //razzmatazz. mgis. in/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/corruption. jpg [Accessed: 22. 11. 2012]. TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (Editor) (2008): Global Corruption Report 2008. Corruption in the Water Sector. New York: Cambridge University Press. URL: http: //www. transparency. org/content/download/32994/505946 [Accessed: 07. 01. 2010]. Water Corruption 21

Find this presentation and more on: www. ssswm. info. References TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (2009): The Anti-Corruption Plain Laguage Guide. Berlin: Transparency International. URL: http: //www. transparency. org/whatwedo/pub/the_anti_corruption_plain_language_guide [Accessed: 16. 01. 2013] UNDP (2011): Fighting Corruption in the Water Sector: Methods, Tools and Good Practices. New York: United Nations Development Programme. URL: http: //www. undp. org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/democratic-governance/anticorruption/fighting_corruptioninthewatersector. html [Accessed: 08. 01. 2013]. UNKNOWN (n. y. ): Corrupt politicians. URL: http: //3. bp. blogspot. com/-W 7 k. Kc. XQGg. Yc/Tuty 2 inek. I/AAAACC 8/5 hqqq 242 hc 0/s 1600/Corrupt+Politicians. jpg [Accessed: 21. 11. 2012] WATER GOVERNANCE FACILITY; WATER INTEGRITY NETWORK; WATERNET; CAP-NET (n. y. ): Training Manual on Water Integrity. New York: United Nations Development Programme. URL: http: //www. watergovernance. org/sa/node. asp? node=1095 [Accessed: 08. 01. 2013]. WIN (2011): TAP risk map of water supply. Assessing Transparency, Accountability and Participation (TAP) in the relationships of stakeholders in local water supply. Berlin: Water Integrity Network. URL: http: //www. waterintegritynetwork. net/images/stories/WIN_Library/Tool_Sheets/Tool_Sheet_TAPrisk. pdf [Accessed: 16. 01. 2013] Water Corruption 22

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