Watanabe K Shimojo S 1998 Attentional modulation in

Watanabe, K. & Shimojo, S. (1998). Attentional modulation in perception of visual motion events. Perception, 27, 1041 -1054. Represented by 葉素玲 2005/12/05

The streaming/bouncing bistable motion phenomenon • Biased toward streaming

Temporal recruitment hypothesis • Integration across (passive) local motion detectors over time • However, adding an occluder increases the streaming percept

Associative learning hypothesis • Adding a brief sound (or pause): Bouncing↑ • Contingent events (e. g. , during collision)

Attentional modulation hypothesis • The salient nature of a pause or a sound disrupts attentional process that promotes the streaming percept.

Exp 1: exogenous attentional capture by abrupt onset increases bouncing

• Attentional modulation hypothesis (O) • Associative learning hypothesis? – Temporal coupling of collision and sudden onset through experience

Exp 2 & 3: endogenous attention (Concurrent task at fixation) Primary task: to report which side has the gap Exp 2 Exp 3 More bouncing in lower VF Spatial effect only with attention

Exp 4: larger gap size (exogenous distraction of attention)

Conclusion • Attention facilitates streaming (perhaps through enhancing temporal integration) and thus distraction of it increases the bouncing percept. – Exp 1& 4: exogenous – Exp 2 & 3: endogenous – Implication: attention helps to perceive spatial temporal continuity (object-file) • More bouncing in the lower visual field – higher temporal resolution to detect temporal discontinuity of the screen (e. g. , pause) – Ground: more physical collision (vs. more 3 -D overlap interpretation of optical coincidence)

Two additional talks of S. Shimojo • 1/21, 9: 00~11: 00 A. M. Lecture for the Color association of Taiwan: Color and surface - beyond the retina – “I will briefly motivate the audience with some philosophical and physiological consideration on color perception, and then overview my own and others' study on fading, filling-in, filling-out, in relation to multiple surface representation. ” • 1/21, 3: 00~5: 00 P. M. Lecture for the science museum Perception, body and brain - some new directions in science museum – “I will try to describe (a) my personal history and motivation for science education/museum activity, (b) some examples of my own creations and collaborations in the past, hopefully with actual demos and/or movies, (c) what messages we could potentially carry to kids and parents via these installations, and finally (d) how I conceive the dynamic relationship among perception, body and brain in the wider context of cognitive development, science education, and society. ”