WASTE MANAGEMENT DISPOSAL SERVICES INTEGRAL PART OF RELIEF

WASTE MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL SERVICES INTEGRAL PART OF RELIEF MEASURES CAPT G RAVI ( INDIAN NAVY) OFFICER-IN-CHARGE , NBCD SCHOOL INS SHIVAJI, LONAVALA

WASTE MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL SERVICES INTEGRAL PART OF RELIEF MEASURES

KOSI FLOODS URI EARTHQUAKE DISASTER OVERVIEW AND ROLE OF ARMD FORCES EARTHQUAKE IN BHUJ

GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE UTTARKASHI EARTHQUAKE MUMBAI FLOODS

OUR EXPERIENCE OF COPING WITH DISASTER �Inadequate scientific hazard-risk-vulnerability mapping �Inadequate early warning systems �Technical-legal regime not clear leading to negligible penalty for causing an incident �Poor community preparedness / awareness �Environmental degradation precipitating disasters �Environmental impact of development �Primitive search –rescue –communication �Inadequate relief management �Unprofessional – amateur approach

DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT ? FIRST PRIORITY NEXT PRIORITY POST DISASTER • RESCUE AFFECTED POPULATION • PROVIDE SHELTER AND SUSTENANCE • REHABILITATE AFFECTED POPULATION • RESTORE LIVELY HOOD • disaster waste management not specifically DISASTER targeted but gets done as a consequence of WASTE normal recovery over a prolonged period of MANAGEMENT time.

LESSONS LEARNT -HURRICANE KATRINA � ALMOST 2000 DEAD Spill Location � COST 81 BILLON $ Bass Enterprises � CONTAMINATION OF WATER BODIES (Cox Bay) Shell (Pilot town) � LOSS OF LIVELY HOOD Estimate in ltrs 14, 300, 000 4, 000 � LOSS OF WILD LIFE HABITAT Chevron (Empire) 3, 750, 000 � CREATED LARGE OIL SPILLS Murphy Oil (Meraux and Chalmette) 3, 100, 000 Bass Enterprises 1, 750, 000 � LONG AND HARD RECOVERY � HUGE WASTE MANAGEMENT LOAD Chevron 200, 000

LESSONS LEARNT – BP OIL SPILL Category Estimate Direct recovery from wellhead 17% Burned at the surface 5% Skimmed from the surface 3% Chemically dispersed 8% Naturally dispersed 16% Evaporated or dissolved 25% Residual remaining 26% • • HUGE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC COST LOSS OF LIVELY HOOD FOR COASTAL COMMUNITIES LONG TERM RECOVERY EFFORTS 75 % OF THE OIL RELEASED STILL EXISTS IN THE ENVIRONEMENT

LESSONS LEARNT – CHERNOBYL • LARGE AREAS HAVE BEEN LAID WASTE • HUMAN COST HAS BEEN VERY HIGH, EVEN TODAY GENETIC DISORDERS ARE PLACING A HEAVY BURDEN ON THE SOCIETY • THREAT OF BREACH OF THE CONTAINMENT FOR THE NUCLEAR REACTOR STILL EXISTS , INVOLVING FURTHER INVESTMENT WHICH IS NOW BEING SOUGHT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

TYPES OF DISASTER WASTE PRIMARY WASTE SECONDARY WASTE • WASTE GENERATED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF A DIASASTER • WASTE GENERATED BY RELIEF EFFORTS

TYPES OF PRIMARY DISASTER WASTE �Common debris containing concrete, various types of roofing material, wood, insulation, earth / mud , and a large amount of plastic �Trees, branches and leaves; vegetation and foliage �Petroleum products, combustible fuels and their residue �Furniture and other household goods �Electricity poles; Transformers and other Wasted Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) related to the electrical transmission and communication lines �Hospital waste; corpses and dead animals �Sewage from burst municipal lines, and garbage from temporary storage sites �Items containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), asbestos and other hazardous substances �Metal scrap from damaged buildings, industrial structures, and vehicles.

TYPES OF SECONDARY DISASTER WASTE � MUNICIPAL WASTE AND SEWAGE GENERATED AT RELIEF CENTRES HOUSING LARGE POLULATION � PACKAGING MATERIAL RECEIVED FROM RELIEF AGENCIES � MEDICAL WASTE FROM FIELD HOSPITALS � PEOPLE / ANIMALS SUCCUMBING TO DISEASE / INJURY � MUNICIPAL WASTE AND SEWAGE FROM TOWNS AND CITIES WHERE EXISTING DRAINAGE / SEWAGE SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN DAMAGED / NON OPERATIONAL , WHERE PEOPLE CONTINUE TO LIVE

PLANNING FOR DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT ESTIMATE MAGNITUDE AND COMPOSITION OF DISASTER WASTE FOR EACH DISTRICT / TYPE OF DISASTER DEVELOP PLANS FOR WASTE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL COLLATE INFORMATION ON AVAILABLE RESOURCES IN DISTRICT / STATE TRAINING FOR SAFE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL EXECUTE PLAN

MODEL FOR DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT

ACTION STAGES DISASTER DURATION PRE DISASTER (48 - 96 HRS) POST DISASTER (UPTO 30 DAYS)

PRE DISASTER ACTIONS Mobilization / staging of resources Retrieval of assets (trucks / large transports/ material handling equipment and cranes) from the disaster zone Notice to municipal / private waste management facilities Evacuation of population to temporary shelters and securing the likely disaster zone for minimizing waste Pre position NDRF components if necessary Notice to identified industries, power plants, refineries in the disaster zone for safe containment / removal of hazardous materials and also for precautionary shutdown of plants

ACTIONS DURING DISASTER Activate disaster management centre outside the affected zone and Continuously monitor developing situation and relay reports to higher formations (SDMA/NDMA) Ensure controlled shutting down of the electricity grid Mount rescue efforts for saving lives using NDRF components and volunteers Evacuation of population from effected zones

POST DISASTER ACTIONS Rescue and relief efforts targeted at the affected population Survey of disaster zone for extent and nature of disaster waste Employ designated resources for primary disaster waste collection / segregation and disposal Take adequate steps to minimize secondary disaster waste as it adds to clean up effort Undertake clean up of hazardous sites to minimise long term impact Restore electric supply , municipal waste / sewage / water treatment plants and other services as a priority for faster recovery of affected towns / districts

PRIVATE / CORPORATE PARTNERSHIP ? � OUTSOURCING DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT CAN BE EXAMINED AS A OPTION � LOCAL MUNICIPAL STAFF WOULD NOT BE AVAILABLE FOR THE PURPOSE AS THEY WOULD THEMSELVES BE AFFECTED � OUTSOURCING DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT FUNCTION WOULD RELIEVE THE DISTRICT / STATE MACHINERY TO CONCENTRATE ON RELIEF AND REHABILITATON EFFORTS � HOLDING SPECIALISED EQUIPMENT ( CHEMICAL FIELD LABORATORY, SOIL, AIR AND WATER SAMPLING AND TESTING EQUIPMENT ) AT THE STATE WOULD ENABLE FASTER / SCIENTIFIC RESPONSE POST DISASTER. � INVITING PRIVATE PARTIES TO PROVIDE SUCH SERVICES FOR EACH STATE WOULD BE EFFECTIVE AS THEY CAN MOBILISE FASTER.

A NEW DIMENSION!! RISK LOW Nuclear HIGH Biological TECHNICAL COMPLEXITY HIGH Chemical LOW

Use of Chemical Agents –Iraq • 1988 nerve and cyanide gas was employed against the Kurds • Over 5, 000 died 75% women and children

WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF A CBRN DISASTER � SUCH AN INCIDENT WILL LAY WASTE LARGE AREAS OF HUMAN HABITATION, THOUSANDS OF SQUARE KMS FOR MANY DECADES � LOSS OF LIVELY HOOD AND RELOCATION OF AFFECTED POPULATION WOULD BE MAJOR CHALLENGES � CONTAINMENT OF THE HAZARD AND ISOLATION / PREVENTING ACCESS TO THE DISASTER ZONE WILL BE CRITICAL FOR LIMITING SPREAD � DECONTAMINATION AND MONITORING OF VOLUNTEERS / RESCUE PERSONNEL ENTERING THE AFFECTED ZONE WILL BE NECESSARY � REMOVAL OF CONTAMINATED MATERIAL FOR SAFE STORAGE WILL BE A PRIORITY TO PREVENT GROUND WATER / CROSS CONTAMINATION � ELIMINATION OF WILD LIFE / LIVESTOCK BY CULLING IS AN ACCEPTED PRACTICE, HOWEVER DISPOSAL OF THE CRACASSES WILL NEED TO BE PLANNED � FOR UNDERTAKING THE ABOVE TASKS TRAINED MANPOWER WOULD BE NEED IN LARGE NUMBERS AS TIME ON TASK WOULD BE LIMITED DUE TO EXPOSURE LIMITATIONS

NEW TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

CONCLUSION �Disaster waste management should be given adequate focus at the planning stage �Industry expertise in the field should be harnessed for mounting a systematic and professional waste management action plan post disaster �Policy guidelines / regulations for tackling CBRN incidents / accidents should be evolved to meet the challenges of the prevailing politico-security environment

THANKYOU