WASTE GENERATION MANAGEMENT IMPACT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTE

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WASTE GENERATION & MANAGEMENT IMPACT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

WASTE GENERATION & MANAGEMENT IMPACT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

WASTE GENERATION & MANAGEMENT • SOURCES OF WASTE – • DOMESTIC WASTE: paper, plastic

WASTE GENERATION & MANAGEMENT • SOURCES OF WASTE – • DOMESTIC WASTE: paper, plastic goods, batteries, glass, packing material [cans, cartons, envelops, etc], kitchen waste[vegetable peels, left over food, etc], sharp edged things[blades, knives, scissors], discarded thermometer, insecticides, human excreta, paint material, ash residue from coal and wood.

HARMS OF DOMESTIC WASTE • Discarded thermometer contains mercury, lead – dangerous • Insecticides

HARMS OF DOMESTIC WASTE • Discarded thermometer contains mercury, lead – dangerous • Insecticides – highly toxic – mix with water – damage to environment • Sharp things – injury • Perfume cans/ batteries – can ignite • Landfill dumping – causes pollution of soil/ breeds disease causing mosquitoes, flies

INDUSTRIAL WASTE Important industrial wastes : Mining-[ tailing – waste generated after mineral extraction

INDUSTRIAL WASTE Important industrial wastes : Mining-[ tailing – waste generated after mineral extraction from oreresults in generation of acids and alkaline drainage], uranium mining – hazardous radon gas released. Cement factories – dust and gases[quarrying of limestone], fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, natural gas release waste. Construction units – demolition/ construction – solid non-biodegradable waste [concrete, plaster, metal, wood, plastic, etc] Thermal Plants – coal burnt to make steam which runs the generator to produce power- smoke released- gaseous waste- ash residue[ fly ash]

SOME MORE INDUSTRIAL WASTES • Oil refineries – gaseous and liquid waste released in

SOME MORE INDUSTRIAL WASTES • Oil refineries – gaseous and liquid waste released in form of chemicals • Nuclear Power Plants – uranium & plutonium- major raw materials – generate radioactive waste remaining for thousands of years[generations affected], leakage of radioactive materials can cause death and destruction of environment. . • Textile industry – water used to dye cloth released as waste – filled with chemicals – toxic waste – damages environment • Tanneries – leather made from animal skin- tanned with chemicalstoxic liquid waste released – pollutes ground water.

TWO MORE TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES • Distilleries – beverages and alcohol manufacturing –

TWO MORE TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES • Distilleries – beverages and alcohol manufacturing – large amount of liquid waste released. • Iron and steel industry – large amount of water required to make steel / ash and dust waste released / acids like sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid released / smoke, gas released. • Harmful waste also released from paper, sugar, fertilizer, rubber industries.

AGRICULTURAL WASTE • Wastes from poultry farms, slaughter houses, harvest waste. • Fertilizer run

AGRICULTURAL WASTE • Wastes from poultry farms, slaughter houses, harvest waste. • Fertilizer run off from fields • Waste generated from threshing- beating action to separate grains from husk/ separating seeds from plant- threshers used -release straw and dust • Pesticides enter into water, air and soil

MANAGING AGRICULTURAL WASTE • Most of agricultural waste is bio-degradable unlike industrial waste. •

MANAGING AGRICULTURAL WASTE • Most of agricultural waste is bio-degradable unlike industrial waste. • If managed properly, can be useful. • Waste can be used to generate energy/ make compost.

MUNICIPAL WASTE • Includes solid and liquid waste generated in homes and offices. •

MUNICIPAL WASTE • Includes solid and liquid waste generated in homes and offices. • Solid waste often dumped in open landfills or disposed off in incinerators- liquid waste / sewage released in water bodies or lowlying areas. • Much of the waste is non-biodegradable[ plastic, glass. . ]

CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE • BIODEGRADABLE WASTE – • Materials that decompose through action of

CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE • BIODEGRADABLE WASTE – • Materials that decompose through action of bacteria, fungi, other living organisms. • SIMPLE BIO-DEGRADABLE – decomposed easily through natural process[dead remains of animals and plants/ excreta…] • COMPLEX BIO-DEGRADABLE – not decomposed easily/ has resistance to break down / take long time to decompose completely [ cloth]

NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE • Not decomposed in soil. • Made of plastic, metals, synthetic clothes,

NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE • Not decomposed in soil. • Made of plastic, metals, synthetic clothes, chemicals, radioactive waste, polythene…. • Some non-biodegradable wastes can be recycled- plastic, metals, glass, etc. • Recycling – the only feasible solution to handle such waste.

HARMS OF NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE • PLASTIC- production and disposal causes damage to environment •

HARMS OF NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE • PLASTIC- production and disposal causes damage to environment • Constituents of plastic – benzene/ vinyl chloride cause cancer • Constituents of plastic – gases /liquid hydrocarbons – spoil air on burning/ soil • Plastic wastes clog drains/contaminate water/ choked drains become breeding grounds for mosquitoes/ cause flooding in rainy season • Burning plastic releases poisonous chemicals like dioxin in the air.

STYROFOAM & CANS • Disposable cups, plates, egg trays, etc made of Styrofoam not

STYROFOAM & CANS • Disposable cups, plates, egg trays, etc made of Styrofoam not recyclable. • Petroleum used to make Styrofoam – releases toxic chemicals like styrene on burning. • Cans –popular containers of food, drinks and sprays – mostly made of tin , aluminium. • Acidic food like fruits and vegetables may cause corrosion of tin – cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea after ingesting canned food.

GLASS • Common container of liquids – can cause injury if not disposed properly.

GLASS • Common container of liquids – can cause injury if not disposed properly. • Most glass – not environment friendly constituents – like phosphates, borates, fluorides. .

BIOMEDICAL WASTE / BMW • Consist of solids, liquids, laboratory waste – potentially infectious.

BIOMEDICAL WASTE / BMW • Consist of solids, liquids, laboratory waste – potentially infectious. • Must be properly managed to protect general public, health workers, sanitation workers who are regularly exposed to biomedical waste as an occupational hazard.