Waste Characteristics and Volumes Manure and Wastewater Storage
- Slides: 21
Waste Characteristics and Volumes Manure and Wastewater Storage and Handling Robert Spajić, Ph. D University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek – Croatia, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Animal Husbandry
To be discussed: • • Manure Characteristics Manure Volume Estimation Methods Manure Nutrient Estimation Methods Additional Waste Volumes
Manure Characteristics • How would you characterize manure? – Qualitative • Odor – Quantitative • Physical Properties • Chemical Properties • Biological Properties
Manure Characteristics Ø Book Values • IPPC – IE Directive – Europe • NRCS – USA Ø On-farm testing / database
Manure Characteristics Swine manures Components Nursery pig Growing pig Finishing pig Gestating sow Sow and litter Boar Moisture (%) 93 - 94 91 - 92 90, 8 92 91 6 -7 8 -9 9, 2 7 9 COD mg O 2/l 80300 73286 82000 20515 18650 - BOD mg. O 2/l 53600 50200 54500 11900 11750 - N – total (kg/tone) - - 4, 0 -7, 5 2, 6 2, 0 – 4, 2 - N - amonical (kg/tone) - - 0, 4 – 6, 0 - 1, 7 – 3, 4 - P 2 O 5 (%/ST) - - 2, 0 – 4, 2 - 0, 9 – 3, 0 - K 2 O (%/TS) - - 2, 5 – 7, 2 - 2, 5 – 4, 3 - Ca (%/ST) - - 2, 99 - 3, 91 - Mg (%/ST) - - 1, 79 - 0, 82 - TS (%) Source: BREF IPPC Directive – European Commission , Agrokor Company
The Magical Animal Unit • An animal unit is 500 kg of any type of animal (Europe) and 1000 lbs (USA) – One 650 kg dairy cow: 1. 3 AU – One 110 kg pig: 0. 22 AU – One 2, 5 kg chicken: 0. 005 AU • Calculation # of animals * animal weight (kg) 500 kg/AU
Manure Volume Estimation § Manure volume production ranges IPPC Document: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs – EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Manure Production and Characteristics – last modifictions base on: § New developments • Genotype • Feeding practices (ie. split sex) • Diet modification (ie. phytase) § Nutrient management planning needs § Existing literature developed prior to these changes
Manure Production and Characteristics • Work groups develop excretion model based on dietary inputs – Total Solids – Nitrogen – Phosphorus • Diet based equations for calculated manure characteristics
Type of the farm system § Farm system with fully slatted floor (new facilities – not with agreement with animal welfare) § Farm system with half slatted floor (new facilities – in agreement with animal welfare) § Farm system with full flour § Farm system wit bedding (sawdust, wood shavings, straw, sand, outdoor)
Type of the farm system § Type of the barn system will strongly influent on manure volumes and composition § Water supply (drinking, washing) will strongly affect manure composition § Feeding types such as - dry feeding system - liquid feeding system - semi dry feeding system
Additional Waste Volumes • Wasted Feed – Increase solids and nutrients content by 4% for every 1% feed waste over 5% • Wash Water – Washing Facilitie (each room – all in all out system) – Washing Trucks – Liquid feeding systems – phase feeding • Flush Water – Recycled water
Moisture Content • Total Solids (TS) – All solids in manure (sample dried @ 105º C) • Volatile Solids (VS) – Organic solids (combust @ 600º C) • Water Content (Wwater = Wmanure – WTS)
Relative Consistency • Manure is stored and handled – – – Type of animal Animal housing Manure collection Manure treatment Manure application
Manure Nutrient Estimation • Manure Testing – Preferred Method • REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE • Book Values • ASAE D 384. 2 • MWPS 18 -1 • NRCS Chapter 4 AWMFH • IPPC – IE Directive
Manure Nutrient Estimation • Swine manure additives will change the structure - additives to reduce emissions - additives to reduce odorous - additives to change physical properties of the manure - additives to increase the fertilizing value - additives for stabilizing pathogens and microorganisms
Type of manure aditives • • Masking ad neutralizing agents Adsorbers Urease inhibitors p. H regulators Oxidising agents Flocculants Disifectants and antimicrobials Biological agents
Some of the aspects on N and P § Important to remember – input through the feed – allows us to calculate the gross production of N and P in manure § 15% loses of N during storage, treatment and spreading IPPC Document: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs – EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Some of the aspects on N and P • Important factors for the level of excretion of N and P: - N and P concetration in feed - animal production type - level of animal production
Some of the aspects on N and P § Average composition of manure – focused on N, P, K, Mg, Na IPPC Document: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs – EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Conclusion • Book Values – Questions on estimating volume and nutrient content? • On-Farm Testing – Develop a database – Write all the influences through the year - More samples - more accuracy
- Chapter 18 renewable energy
- Definition of green manure
- Definition of green manure
- Puck manure
- Manure
- Bulky organic manure examples
- Physical characteristics of wastewater
- Aquaculture water treataent factories
- Primary storage and secondary storage
- Secondary storage vs primary storage
- Uses rigid metallic platters
- Unified storage vs traditional storage
- Risk management for water and wastewater utilities
- Purpose of wastewater treatment
- Wastewater treatment process primary secondary tertiary
- Wastewater distribution system
- Typical composition of untreated domestic wastewater
- Optimize wastewater lagoon
- Ashbridges bay water treatment plant
- Oregon drinking water certification
- Peak flow average
- Municipal wastewater treatment