Waste Characteristics and Volumes Manure and Wastewater Storage

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Waste Characteristics and Volumes Manure and Wastewater Storage and Handling Robert Spajić, Ph. D

Waste Characteristics and Volumes Manure and Wastewater Storage and Handling Robert Spajić, Ph. D University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek – Croatia, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Animal Husbandry

To be discussed: • • Manure Characteristics Manure Volume Estimation Methods Manure Nutrient Estimation

To be discussed: • • Manure Characteristics Manure Volume Estimation Methods Manure Nutrient Estimation Methods Additional Waste Volumes

Manure Characteristics • How would you characterize manure? – Qualitative • Odor – Quantitative

Manure Characteristics • How would you characterize manure? – Qualitative • Odor – Quantitative • Physical Properties • Chemical Properties • Biological Properties

Manure Characteristics Ø Book Values • IPPC – IE Directive – Europe • NRCS

Manure Characteristics Ø Book Values • IPPC – IE Directive – Europe • NRCS – USA Ø On-farm testing / database

Manure Characteristics Swine manures Components Nursery pig Growing pig Finishing pig Gestating sow Sow

Manure Characteristics Swine manures Components Nursery pig Growing pig Finishing pig Gestating sow Sow and litter Boar Moisture (%) 93 - 94 91 - 92 90, 8 92 91 6 -7 8 -9 9, 2 7 9 COD mg O 2/l 80300 73286 82000 20515 18650 - BOD mg. O 2/l 53600 50200 54500 11900 11750 - N – total (kg/tone) - - 4, 0 -7, 5 2, 6 2, 0 – 4, 2 - N - amonical (kg/tone) - - 0, 4 – 6, 0 - 1, 7 – 3, 4 - P 2 O 5 (%/ST) - - 2, 0 – 4, 2 - 0, 9 – 3, 0 - K 2 O (%/TS) - - 2, 5 – 7, 2 - 2, 5 – 4, 3 - Ca (%/ST) - - 2, 99 - 3, 91 - Mg (%/ST) - - 1, 79 - 0, 82 - TS (%) Source: BREF IPPC Directive – European Commission , Agrokor Company

The Magical Animal Unit • An animal unit is 500 kg of any type

The Magical Animal Unit • An animal unit is 500 kg of any type of animal (Europe) and 1000 lbs (USA) – One 650 kg dairy cow: 1. 3 AU – One 110 kg pig: 0. 22 AU – One 2, 5 kg chicken: 0. 005 AU • Calculation # of animals * animal weight (kg) 500 kg/AU

Manure Volume Estimation § Manure volume production ranges IPPC Document: Reference Document on Best

Manure Volume Estimation § Manure volume production ranges IPPC Document: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs – EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Manure Production and Characteristics – last modifictions base on: § New developments • Genotype

Manure Production and Characteristics – last modifictions base on: § New developments • Genotype • Feeding practices (ie. split sex) • Diet modification (ie. phytase) § Nutrient management planning needs § Existing literature developed prior to these changes

Manure Production and Characteristics • Work groups develop excretion model based on dietary inputs

Manure Production and Characteristics • Work groups develop excretion model based on dietary inputs – Total Solids – Nitrogen – Phosphorus • Diet based equations for calculated manure characteristics

Type of the farm system § Farm system with fully slatted floor (new facilities

Type of the farm system § Farm system with fully slatted floor (new facilities – not with agreement with animal welfare) § Farm system with half slatted floor (new facilities – in agreement with animal welfare) § Farm system with full flour § Farm system wit bedding (sawdust, wood shavings, straw, sand, outdoor)

Type of the farm system § Type of the barn system will strongly influent

Type of the farm system § Type of the barn system will strongly influent on manure volumes and composition § Water supply (drinking, washing) will strongly affect manure composition § Feeding types such as - dry feeding system - liquid feeding system - semi dry feeding system

Additional Waste Volumes • Wasted Feed – Increase solids and nutrients content by 4%

Additional Waste Volumes • Wasted Feed – Increase solids and nutrients content by 4% for every 1% feed waste over 5% • Wash Water – Washing Facilitie (each room – all in all out system) – Washing Trucks – Liquid feeding systems – phase feeding • Flush Water – Recycled water

Moisture Content • Total Solids (TS) – All solids in manure (sample dried @

Moisture Content • Total Solids (TS) – All solids in manure (sample dried @ 105º C) • Volatile Solids (VS) – Organic solids (combust @ 600º C) • Water Content (Wwater = Wmanure – WTS)

Relative Consistency • Manure is stored and handled – – – Type of animal

Relative Consistency • Manure is stored and handled – – – Type of animal Animal housing Manure collection Manure treatment Manure application

Manure Nutrient Estimation • Manure Testing – Preferred Method • REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE • Book

Manure Nutrient Estimation • Manure Testing – Preferred Method • REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE • Book Values • ASAE D 384. 2 • MWPS 18 -1 • NRCS Chapter 4 AWMFH • IPPC – IE Directive

Manure Nutrient Estimation • Swine manure additives will change the structure - additives to

Manure Nutrient Estimation • Swine manure additives will change the structure - additives to reduce emissions - additives to reduce odorous - additives to change physical properties of the manure - additives to increase the fertilizing value - additives for stabilizing pathogens and microorganisms

Type of manure aditives • • Masking ad neutralizing agents Adsorbers Urease inhibitors p.

Type of manure aditives • • Masking ad neutralizing agents Adsorbers Urease inhibitors p. H regulators Oxidising agents Flocculants Disifectants and antimicrobials Biological agents

Some of the aspects on N and P § Important to remember – input

Some of the aspects on N and P § Important to remember – input through the feed – allows us to calculate the gross production of N and P in manure § 15% loses of N during storage, treatment and spreading IPPC Document: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs – EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Some of the aspects on N and P • Important factors for the level

Some of the aspects on N and P • Important factors for the level of excretion of N and P: - N and P concetration in feed - animal production type - level of animal production

Some of the aspects on N and P § Average composition of manure –

Some of the aspects on N and P § Average composition of manure – focused on N, P, K, Mg, Na IPPC Document: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs – EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Conclusion • Book Values – Questions on estimating volume and nutrient content? • On-Farm

Conclusion • Book Values – Questions on estimating volume and nutrient content? • On-Farm Testing – Develop a database – Write all the influences through the year - More samples - more accuracy