Warning Graphic Pictures Integument System Skin Problems infections

Warning: Graphic Pictures Integument System Skin Problems – infections, allergies, or damages

1. Athlete’s Foot – mostly from fungal infection

2. Boils & Carbuncles Bacterial infection & inflammation of hair follicle. • Boil = 1 • Carbuncle = several connected boils

3. Black & Whiteheads • Blackheads - oil and dead skin cells trapped in a oil pore, makeup • Whiteheads - flesh-or white-colored bumps due to skin pore blockage; blockage is deeper than blackhead (covered w/epithelium)

4. Cold Sores • Caused by Herpes simplex virus I • Common, contagious, incurable

5. Contact Dermatitis • • Inflammatory response – red, itchy rash Non-contagious Chronic – long term, reoccuring Caused by contact with allergens or irritants, exposure to sunlight, or by poor circulation, even stress.

6. Impetigo • • Crusting skin infection Caused by staph and strep germs Pus filled blisters Highly contagious

7. Psoriasis • Chronic – arms, knees, elbows, scalp • Red patches covered with white scales • Unknown cause; some think autoimmune disorder • Triggered by trauma, infection, stress

8. Cyanosis • Blue skin, membranes, and/or nails • Due to reduced oxygen in blood

9. Burns • Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals • Associated dangers - Dehydration - Electrolyte imbalance - Circulatory shock

Rules of Nines • Way to determine the extent of burns • Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimate • Each area represents ~ 9%

Burns are CRITICAL if… • Over 25% of body has 2 nd degree • Over 10% has 3 rd degree • 3 rd degree burns on face, hands, and/or feet Electrical Heat Burn Contact Burn Scald Burn Chemical Sunburn Inhale Burn

10. Skin Cancer Abnormal cell mass Two types 1. Benign -does not spread (encapsulated) 2. Malignant -Metastasized (moves) to other parts of body Skin cancer is most common type of cancer.

3 types of Malignant Skin Cancer A. Basal cell carcinoma - least malignant - Most common - Arises from stratum basale B. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - -arises from stratum spinosum - Metastasizes to lymph nodes - Early removal allows a good chance of cure

C. Malignant Melanoma - Most deadly - Cancer of melanocytes - Metastasizes rapidly to lymph & blood vessels - Detection uses ABCD rule.

ABCD Rule A = Asymmetry – Two sides of pigmented mole do not match B = Border irregularity – Borders of mole are not smooth C = Color – Different colors in pigmented area D = Diameter – Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter

Pigmentation Disorders

Albinism • Genetic recessive

Hyperpigmentation • too much sun • drug reactions • poor nutrition

Vitilgo • autoimmune disorder • linked hyperthyroidism & Addison's Disease, which affects the adrenal gland.

Lichen simplex chronicus • psychological syndrome • compulsive need to scratch • dark, leathery skin • scarring & infection

Lamellar ichthyosis (fish scale disease) • Genetic?

Melasma • Pregnancy mask • Lupus (autoimmune)

Normal Discolorations • Moles - collection of melanocytes • Freckles – some cells make more melanin than others; uneven suntan. • Lentigines - Age spots, sun spots, liver spots harmless, flat, brown discolorations on the hands, neck & face 40+ yrs; too much sun • Birthmarks – pigmented areas or dilated blood vessels