WarmUp What are cells What do they do

Warm-Up What are cells? What do they do that is important for life? 1

Warm-Up How are eukaryotes different than prokaryotes? Include cell complexity and size. Pass them to the front 2

Cells Structure and Function Wake County Biology Curriculum current. com 3

Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells. 2. The cell is the most basic unit of life. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells. 4

Prokaryotes: Most primitive cell Bacteria: do not have a nuclei or other membrane bound organelles; DNA is contained within the cytoplasm Some bacteria have a capsule which is a surface layer that helps them stick to each other and surfaces eapbiofield. wikispaces. com 5

Bacteria have a cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, and DNA in the cytoplasm (no nucleus). 6

Bacteria, or prokaryotes, have no membranebound organelles. 7

One organelle unique to prokaryotes is a molecule of DNA called a plasmid. A plasmid is a circular molecule www. malebolge. net 16. net 8

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However, eukaryotes have many membranebound organelles. 10

Eukaryotes • Unicellular or multi-cellular organism that contains membrane-bound organelles and genetic material within a nucleus • All organisms but bacteria • Includes protists, fungi, animals, and plants 11

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Eukaryotes • Many of the membrane-bound organelles following are found in eukaryotes only 14

Parts of the Cell wall: • A tough covering made of cellulose that adds structure and protection to a cell • Located outside the cell membrane • In plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi only (not animals) biology. unm. edu 15

Parts of the Cell membrane: • Semi-permeable outer layer of all cells • Lets selected substances into the cell, such as food and water, and other substances out of the cell, such as wastes. • All cells have a membrane. www. harweb. com Cell membrane 16

Phospholipid Bilayer Membrane 17

Parts of the Cell Nucleus: Only in eukaryotes; Contains the DNA of the eukaryotic cell so is called the “control center” of the cell. Enclosed in a membrane. www. cartage. org. lb 18

Parts of the Cell Nucleus • Contains DNA • DNA is in the form of chromatin • When cells begin mitosis, DNA coils into structures called chromosomes • DNA carries all the genes needed to make and control the cell 19

Parts of the Cell Nuclear envelope: membrane surrounding the nucleus that allows important molecules in and out of the nucleus Chromatin: DNA that has unwound from chromosome form into long strings 20

Parts of the Cell Ribosomes: small organelles that make proteins; Made of RNA; they get their information directly from the nucleus; some attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and some are free ribosome www. bcscience. com www. cartage. org. lb 21

Parts of the Cell Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): folded membrane (so only in eukaryotes) within the cell that transports proteins and other chemicals throughout the cell; surrounds the nucleus to get information from DNA www. ccs. k 12. in. us Rough ER has ribosomes attached that make proteins on the membrane. Smooth ER has no ribosomes so other chemicals are produced on the membrane 22

Parts of the Cell Golgi body (apparatus): folded membranes (so found only in eukaryotes) that package chemicals, including proteins, that the cell produces and then ships outside the cell. 23

Parts of the Cell Mitochondria: organelles that use sugar to produce energy for the cell; know as the “power house” of the cell Folded membranes hrsbstaff. ednet. ns. ca 24

The folded membranes increase surface area on which chemical reactions may occur. 25

Parts of the Cell Chloroplast: organelles that contain chlorophyll and the process of photosynthesis Chlorophyll: the green pigment that is necessary for photosynthesis biology. unm. edu Folded membranes 26

Parts of the Cell Vacuole: membrane-bound organelle that contains water, wastes, and other fluids in cells; large vacuole in plant cell Vacuole helps cell keep its shape Animal cell www. science-art. com en. wikipedia. org Plant cell 27

Parts of the Cell Lysosome: membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes; digest food particles and other substances publications. nigms. nih. gov 28

Parts of the Cell Cytoplasm: a fluid that is contained in a cell and surrounds the cell’s organelles cytoplasm coolcell. blogspot. com 29

In multicellular organisms, cell structure is connected to function. Every cell is made to do a specific job and has to be put together in a specific way to do that job. 30

Even though every cell in a multicellular organism has the exact same set of DNA, different cells are structurally different to do different jobs. 31

Morphology: the study of form and function of living things. l 32

Different cells may have different numbers and arrangements of organelles depending on what types of jobs the cells are responsible for. 33

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Hierarchy of Life Atoms make molecules www. emc. maricopa. edu 36

Hierarchy of Life Molecules make compounds 37

Hierarchy of Life Compounds to organelles 38

Hierarchy of Life Organelles to Cells 39

Hierarchy of Life Cells to tissues hrsbstaff. ednet. ns. ca 40

Hierarchy of Life Tissues to organs www. robinsonlibrary. com 41

Organs to organs systems 42 biologyjunction. com

Hierarchy of Life Organ systems to organism www. mesto-votice. cz 43

Hierarchy of Life Organisms to populations 44

Hierarchy of Life Populations to communities pixdaus. com 45

Hierarchy of Life Communities to ecosystem (biome) schools. bcsd. com www. brazadv. com 46

Hierarchy of Life Ecosystems to biosphere 47

image. wistatutor. com 48

Answer the review questions at the end of the notes. You may work within your groups. 49

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