WARMUP WED 330 Get out notebook paper for
WARM-UP WED 3/30 • Get out notebook paper for notes • Title: Progressivism & Discrimination • Reminder: Unit 8 GPERSIA is due this Friday! Unit 8 People ID is due on Tuesday. • Pre. AP Reminder: You will have homework this weekend/Monday. Don’t put everything until the last minute. • OL Reminder: DWR Reading Check 2 is Friday over Ch 5 -9
PROGRESSIVISM & DISCRIMINATION • Essential Question: • Describe and compare the impact of the Progressive and other reform movements in Texas in the 19 th and 20 th centuries such as Populists, women’s suffrage, agrarian groups, labor unions, and the evangelical movement
PROGRESSIVISM • The attempts of reformers to solve political, economic, and social problems became known as the Progressive Movement
REFORM: CITY GOVERNMENT n. After the storm of 1900, Galveston moved from a government with a mayor and a city council to a commission form of government n. Five commissioners made the city laws, and each member was in charge of a city department, such as police, fire, or water. n. Many Texas cities soon adopted this form of government, as did cities across the nation.
REFORM: POLITICAL • Terrell Election Law: Required major political parties to hold primary elections to select the party’s official candidates • Called for secret ballots • Restricted campaigning near polling booths
REFORM: EDUCATION • At this point most schools had 1 teacher who taught all grades • Passed a law that let areas form school districts made up of multiple schools with different grade levels, subjects, and teachers • Passed a law requiring children to attend school • Result: Texas had the longest school year and highest literacy rate in the South
REFORM: BUSINESS • Business: • Late 1800 s: People were calling for regulation of businesses due to trusts and monopolies • 1900 s: Positive economic impact convinces people the government should not intervene in businesses
ARGUMENTS FOR WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE n. If a woman could be held legally responsible for her actions, she should be able to vote. • If women had the right to vote: nthey would be more effective in their traditional roles nthey could vote for better schools, more playgrounds, safer parks, and improved public health
ARGUMENTS AGAINST WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE • Women had no need to vote • Men represent and protect women’s rights • Women involved in politics would neglect their homes and children
WOMEN GAIN THE RIGHT TO VOTE n. In 1918, Texas women made a deal with the new governor, William P. Hobby. They promised to support him in his election if he would sign a bill allowing women to vote in primaries. n. Hobby agreed, women voted for the first time, and he won by a landslide. n. In 1920, the 19 th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution granted full voting rights to women. Gov. William P. Hobby
ARGUMENTS FOR PROHIBITION • Alcohol was at the center of many social problems • Saloons were associated with gambling and crime • Men would spend their money on alcohol, leaving their family without money to live • Supported by WCTU, Anti. Saloon League, and various church groups
GROUPS THAT OPPOSED PROHIBITION n. The brewing industry and saloons n. Conservatives who opposed a strong federal government n. Many immigrants from Italy and Germany
PROHIBITION LAWS n. In 1918, Texas approved a statewide prohibition law making it illegal to make and sell alcohol in Texas. n. In 1919 the 18 th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution made prohibition the law of the land. n. The 18 th Amendment was an unpopular law and it was eventually repealed in 1933.
DISCRIMINATION: AFRICAN AMERICANS • Jim Crow Laws: Minorities had inadequate housing and segregated schools lacking basic equipment/supplies • Ku Klux Klan was a politically powerful group • Democratic Party requires payment of a poll tax and adopts a “whites only” restriction for the primary election
DISCRIMINATION: AFRICAN AMERICANS • Resisting discrimination: NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) worked for racial equality
DISCRIMINATION: MEXICAN AMERICANS • Facing the same discrimination as African Americans! • Many Mexicans migrating to Texas due to Mexican Revolution/fleeing their government • Americans were afraid of these refugees and often became violent • Reports of Texas Ranger abuse • Form mutualistas: mutual aid groups of Tejanos that helped each other out
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