WarmUp We are going to review some grammar

Warm-Up We are going to review some grammar before your final exam. You should be able to write an essay free from grammar errors that include run-ons, fragments, homonyms, passive voice, etc. Rewrite the following paragraph making CORRECTIONS to sentence structure, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation. Have you ever tried to walk on stilts. Its harder than it looks but its lots of fun. walking on stilts can improve your balance its also a great way to be head and sholders above the croud in a parade! In fact, in the early 1700 s french shepherds used stilts to keep an eye on their flocks of sheep. **Hint: There are 11 mistakes. **

Warm-Up Answers Have you ever tried to walk on stilts? It’s harder than it looks, but it’s lots of fun. Walking on stilts can improve your balance; it’s also a great way to be head and shoulders above the crowd in a parade! In fact, in the early 1700 s, French shepherds used stilts to keep an eye on their flocks of sheep.

Compound vs complex Compound sentences= 2 independent clauses combined with EITHER a comma and a FANBOYS conjunction OR a semicolon. Ex: It is going to rain; I will bring an umbrella. OR It is going to rain, so I will bring an umbrella. Complex sentences=1 independent clause + 1 dependent clause Ex: Because it is going to rain, I will bring an umbrella because it is going to rain. **Which one needs a comma? ? ** For each of the following sentences, determine whether it is compound or complex. Identify all independent and dependent clauses. 1. If you study for the test, you will do much better. 2. Jessica went to a special midnight premier, and she watched both Hunger Games and Catching Fire. 3. David went to H. E. B. to buy milk, but they were out of 1% milk. 4. Once the play started, we were not allowed to talk. 5. We won’t be able to play unless the rain stops by noon. 6. Today was such a long day; I think I will definitely be in bed by 9 o’clock.

Compound vs complex Directions: 1. Identify whether you have 2 independent clauses or 1 independent, 1 dependent clause. 2. Label it compound or complex. 3. Correct the grammar. 1. I received a letter from my friend Ashley it was three pages long. 2. Gina made a cake for her dad’s birthday with chocolate frosting. Because chocolate is his favorite. 3. He was upset about his toy, because it was broken. 4. The high school band gave a concert, it lasted for one hour. 5. Mom bought me a shirt and a pair of jeans; but she wouldn’t buy me new shoes. 6. After I finished my test; I waited in the library for Paul and Mary. 7. We found a puppy wandering the streets it has small black spots. 8. Kyle threw the ball but it went into the bushes. 9. Mom went to pay our neighbor. Since she watched our dog last weekend. 10. Mr. Derek is my new piano teacher, because my former piano teacher retired.

Compound adjectives A compound adjective is an adjective that comprises more than one word. Usually, hyphens are used to link the words together to show that it is one adjective. Examples: • Please request a four-foot table. (Four-foot is an adjective describing the table. A hyphen is used to link four and foot to show that it is one adjective. ) • It is a 6 -page document. • Claire worked as a part-time keeper at the safari park. • That is an all-too-common mistake. Don’t confuse the hyphen with the dash!! Hyphen= Dash= —

Dashes Use sparingly, much like hypothetical questions. Do not begin or end with a question; it shows weak writing skills. Do not overuse the dash or it loses its worth. Create an em dash in Word by typing two hyphens and hitting enter. It will automatically change to a dash. Em dash= the length of an “m”= — En dash= the length of an “n”= -Hyphen= the shortest= -

Em Dashes Em dash= Use an em dash sparingly in formal writing. In informal writing, em dashes may replace commas, semicolons, and parentheses to indicate added emphasis, an interruption, or an abrupt change of thought. Examples: • You are the friend—the only friend—who offered to help me. • Never have I met such a lovely person—before you. • I pay the bills—she has all the fun. *A semicolon would be used here in formal writing. • I need three items at the store—dog food, vegetarian chili, and cheddar cheese. *Remember, a colon would be used here in formal writing.

En Dashes An en dash, roughly the width of an n, is a little longer than a hyphen. It is used for periods of time when you might otherwise use “to”. Examples: • The years 2001– 2003 • January–June An en dash is also used in place of a hyphen when combining open compounds. • North Carolina–Virginia border • a high school–college conference

passive vs active voice 1) Thomas feeds his dog. 2) The dog is fed by Thomas. 3) The family went to the beach. 4) The letter was written by Marshall. 5) The game had been won by the blue team. 6) The problem was solved. 7) The stunt man risked his life. 8) The fire was extinguished. 9) The car was being cleaned by its owner. 10) It gets cold here during the winter. **Your subject should complete the action. Active voice creates a more engaging essay and a more powerful voice. **

st 1 semester reivew • We will watch the rest of I AM. • After all we have read and learned this semester about happiness, what is your thesis about happiness? – What causes happiness? – How can we work to be happy? – Is it a science? Is it worth our time? – What are the commonalities of happy people?

Warm Up Reciprocal Pronouns— 3/24/14 Write the following in your grammar notes: • We use reciprocal pronouns when each of two or more subjects is acting in the same way towards the other. For example, A is talking to B, and B is talking to A. So we say: A and B are talking to each other. • The action is "reciprocated". There are only two reciprocal pronouns, and they are both two words: 1. each other 2. one another When we use these reciprocal pronouns: • there must be two or more people, things or groups involved (so we cannot use reciprocal pronouns with I, you [singular], he/she/it), and • they must be doing the same thing

Warm Up Reciprocal Pronouns Look at these examples: • John and Mary love each other. • Peter and David hate each other. • The ten prisoners were all blaming one another. • Both teams played hard against each other. • We gave each other gifts. • Why don't you believe each other? • They can't see each other. • The gangsters were fighting one another. • The boats were bumping against each other in the storm.

Warm Up Indefinite Pronouns – 3/25/14 Write the following in your grammar notes: • We use indefinite pronouns to refer to people or things without saying exactly who or what they are. We use pronouns ending in -body or -one for people, and pronouns ending in thing for things: • The indefinite pronouns are: somebody someone something anybody anyone anything nobody no one nothing everybody everyone everything **All of these are singular, so we must use singular verbs to have subject-verb agreement** Ex: Everybody loves Sally. Everything was ready for the party. Everybody has his/her book. (Pronouns must agree too!)

Warm Up Indefinite Pronouns

Warm Up Indefinite Pronouns—Block Day Practice!! Write the following sentences, filling in the blanks with reciprocal pronouns, indefinite pronouns, verbs or pronouns: 1. I opened the door but there was ______ at home. 2. It was a very clear day. We could see ______. 3. The students like to talk to _____ in the hallway. 4. In The Walking Dead, the characters must rely on __ _____. 5. Someone left ___ phone in the bathroom. 6. Everybody should study ____ notes before the STAAR exam.