WarmUp Use your Fuels Resources Notes 1 Name

Warm-Up: *Use your “Fuels & Resources” Notes 1. Name at least one alternative energy source that we can use instead of our fossil fuels. *This is NOT a conservation (way to save) answer. 2. What do we call energy from the sun? 3. What (3) types of energy are powered by the sun? 4. Study with a partner for your Quiz – 5 minutes!!

After Quiz 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Write your name, date, and period on your answer sheet. Write the title at the top: Geologic Time & Ecology Quiz. Number #1 -20. *Do not skip lines. Turn you quiz & answer sheet into the blue baskets on the front table. Work on your “Conservation Café” activities. Bring it to me to CHECK before you turn it in to your period’s black bin.

Fix Notes – “Fuels & Resources” n Solar energy – light and heat energy from the sun. Solar energy is the source of most other renewable energy resources. Wind – unequal heating of the Earth causes global winds. n Water – sun heats water for evaporation to start the water cycle. n Biomass – heat from the sun makes the decayed material releases gases. n

Conserving Land Soil

What is Soil? n Soil forms as rock is weathered and mixes with other materials on the surface

Land Use n 1. 2. 3. Three things that change the land (cause soil erosion) Agriculture Development Mining

Agriculture n n n This is an important land use. New farmland must be created by clearing forests, draining wetland, and irrigating (watering) deserts. Also have pastures for grazing cattle.

Development n The construction of homes, stores, office buildings, roads, bridges, and other structures.

Mining n Strip Mining causes the top layer of land to be stripped away. n n n Trees are bulldozed down. Holes are drilled through rock. Explosives break up rock. This waste is piled up on the strip next to it in order to start another strip. It leaves no tress or plants to prevent erosion. Miners must reclaim the land (prevent erosion) by replanting trees and grass.

THE DUST BOWL---BAD! 1. In the 1930 s, too many plants were removed from the land. 2. This caused the soil to erode away.

Dust Bowl

Value of Soil n Soil is one of Earth’s most valuable resources because everything that lives depends on it.

Soil Damage and Loss n n Desertification- Where a land that is fertile turns into desertlike conditions Happens during drought.

Soil Conservation n Soil Conservation - The management of soil to prevent its destruction.

Ways to Conserve n Ways that soil can be conserved include : n n contour plowing conservation plowing leaving the soil to lie fallow (unplanted with crops) crop rotation. n Pg. 233.

Strip Cropping n n Farmers alternate strips of tall crops (corn) with strips of short crops (squash) Short crops prevent soil from washing out from tall crops which are less protected

Contour Plowing n n During the 1930 s wind erosion destroyed the land. To prevent this from happening again, farmers began to plow the land according to its shape rather than just up and down like they had in the past. It forms ridges to keep water and topsoil from flowing away. It slows water flow and saves topsoil.

Conservation Plowing n n Instead of plowing fields and leaving them exposed farmers will use machines that break up only the subsoil The weeds left will help keep the topsoil from blowing away

Terracing n n Steep hillsides are built into a series of flat terraces Slows runoff and catches eroding soil

Windbreaks n n n Rows of trees or shrubs planted along the edges of fields Block wind and trap eroding soil Sometimes can be a fence (construction sites)

Leaving land fallow n n Leaving land unplanted with crops Restores the fertility of soil

Crop Rotation n A farmer plants different crops in a field each year Some crops use less nutrients than others Certain crops, such as peanuts, add nutrients to the soil