Warmup questions in notebook Where do your rights

Warm-up questions (in notebook): • Where do your rights come from? • If there was no US gov’t or Constitution, how could you claim your right to…. have rights?

Share last week’s wrap-up • What would make you want to revolt against your gov’t?

Morning Video

English Rights? • Magna Carta? • English Bill of Rights? • Constitutional Monarchy?

English Bill of Rights [1689] a Main provisions: 1. The King could not suspend the operation of laws. 2. The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice. 3. No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent. 4. Freedom of speech in Parliament. 5. Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently. 6. Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment. 7. The monarch must be a Protestant. 8. Freedom from arbitrary arrest. 9. Censorship of the press was dropped. 10. Religious toleration.

English Bill of Rights [1689] It settled all of the major issues between King & Parliament. It served as a model for the U. S. Bill of Rights. It also formed a base for the steady expansion of civil liberties in the 18 c and early 19 c in England.

English Bill of Rights • One of the basic documents of English constitutional law, along with the Magna Carta. • Statement of certain positive rights that its authors considered that citizens and/or residents of a constitutional monarchy should have.

English Bill of Rights • Asserts subjects’ rights to petition the Monarch, and to bear arms for defense. • Says the King cannot do certain things without the consent of the governed.

Causes of the American Revolution

Quick question… 1. What 3 countries during the colonial period have been fighting for control of the North America? 2. What other people might be involved in these conflicts?

Competition Over North America • France, Spain, and England all control colonies in North America • France – All land west of Appalachian Mountains • English – 13 Colonies • Spain – Florida and the Southeast

Why? • All desire natural resources – Commodities – goods bought or sold for profit – France and England compete for the Ohio River Valley fur trade

War! • Both England France push into the Ohio River Valley • England sends a young George Washington to claim the territory from France • French respond by reinforcing positions along the Ohio River • Washington captured and forced back to Virginia; England declares war Washington, Lieutenant Colonel in English Colonial Army

Ft. • Battle of Fort Necessity – Necessity July 3, 1754 • Pennsylvania • 1 of the first battles of the war • Washington’s only surrender

Albany Plan of Union • Aware of the hard times that war could put on the colonies, English officials suggested a "union between ye Royal, Proprietary & Charter Governments. " Some colonial leaders agreed and in June 1754 delegates from most of the northern colonies and representatives from the Six Iroquois Nations met in Albany, New York. • decided on a "plan of union" drafted by Benjamin Franklin. • Under this plan each colonial legislature would elect delegates to an American continental assembly presided over by a royal governor.

• First of all, Franklin anticipated many of the problems that would beset the government created after independence, such as finance, dealing with the Indian tribes, control of trade, and defense. • British officials realized that, if adopted, the plan could create a very powerful government that His Majesty's Government might not be able to control. • The plan was rejected by the Crown and by the legislatures in several of the colonies.

Albany Plan formulated by early colonials (Ben Franklin) to have a centralized government for the 13 colonies. Plan ultimately never became a reality but paved the way for bigger things later.

The French and Indian War • 1754 -1763 • France allies with Indian Tribes • England eventually wins the war • England suffers heavy debts (bankrupt)

Treaty of Paris 1763 • The Treaty that officially ended the French and Indian War. • The British gained control over the area west of the 13 British Colonies all the way to the Mississippi River. The French agreed to give up any colonies in North America, including all of Canada.

Effects of the War Britain 1. 2. 3. It increased Britain’s colonial empire in America It greatly enlarged the UK’s debt England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary! America 1. 2. It united the colonies against a common enemy It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated Both (towards one another) 1. It created bitter feelings that would only intensify

Proclamation Line of 1763 • Created to stabilize relations with Native Americans and to reorganize the British colonies

How should England get out of debt?

But first… what is a tax? • A tax is… - a sum of money demanded by a government for its support or for specific facilities or services, levied upon • What do we pay taxes on? - incomes, property, sales, etc.

Are taxes necessary? • Roads? • Schools? • Firemen, Police, etc. • So when does paying taxes become a bad thing?

Causes of the American Revolution • England passes acts to regulate/tax colonists Causes of the American Revolution 1. Navigation Acts – English monopolize trade with colonies 2. Sugar Act (1764) 3. Stamp Act (1765) 4. Townshend Acts (1767) 5. Quartering Act (1765) 6. Intolerable Acts (1774)

British Acts Work in pairs on this cause/ effect GO. • Sugar Act (p. 135) • Stamp Act (p. 137 -138) • Townshend Acts (p. 139140) • Tea Act (p. 141 -2) • Intolerable Acts (p. 143)

Question to answer on the back… • In one paragraph, answer: • In your opinion, which of the British Acts is the worst or the most unreasonable? Explain your answer.