WarmUp In the human body the spine is

Warm-Up In the human body, the spine is composed of many vertebrae. What does your spine do? What do you think it means to be an “invertebrate” (without vertebrae)?

Kingdom Animalia: Invertebrates Phylum Porifera Through Phylum Echinoderma

Animal Facts 1. Eukaryotes 2. Multicellular 3. Heterotrophs 4. No cell walls 5. MOST animals contain tissues (ex. muscle and nervous tissue)

Animal Needs 1. Food 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Gas Exchange (Respiration) Circulation Excretion Response Movement Reproduction

Evolutionary Trends in Animals 1) Specialized cells, tissues, organs ◦ Increasing specialization from sponges -> humans 2) Body Symmetry ◦ Asymmetry – no symmetry �Ex. sponges ◦ Radial – circular symmetry �Ex. Jellyfish, starfish ◦ Bilateral – �Ex. Humans, fish, insects

Body Symmetry: 3 Types Asymmetry or irregular: Means no symmetry • Ex. sponges www. natural-sea-sponge. com

Body Symmetry: 3 Types Radial symmetry: circular symmetry (like wheels) • Ex. Jellyfish, starfish www. uic. edu saltwater-aquarium-guide. net bss. sfsu. edu/

Body Symmetry: 3 Types Bilateral Symmetry: body can be divided into two equal halves • Ex. Humans, fish, insects www. scienceinschool. org brittanykranzbio. wikispaces. com www. improve-your-digital-photography. c

Evolutionary Trends in Animals 3) Cephalization ◦ In bilateral organisms ◦ Sensory organs and nerves are concentrated at the front end of the body ◦ Animal is able to sense the environment as it enters --- organism can respond better and in more sophisticated ways.

Evolutionary trends continued… 5) Digestion ◦ Intracellular – broken down inside cells (ex. sponges) ◦ Extracellular – food broken down in digestive tract before absorbed in body 6) Circulation ◦ Open – blood partially contained in vessels ◦ Closed – heart pumps blood throughout (ex. most larger animals)

Evolutionary trends continued… 7) Reproduction �most invertebrates reproduce sexually ◦ Internal fertilization – eggs fertilize within female ◦ External fertilization – eggs fertilzed outside of female ◦ Hermaphrodite – organism that can produce sperm or eggs (ex. Earthworms)

Invertebrates: animals that have no backbone or vertebral (spinal) column. Fun fact: Over 95% of all species on the planet are invertebrates.

Evolution of Invertebrates bio. miami. edu

faculty. clintoncc. suny. . .

jmarkkaufmanod. com

Phylum Porifera: Sponges (Pore Bearers) • • Simplest animal Asymmetrical Filter feeder Water is used as a circulatory system; no blood

Sponge Structure • Water is pulled in through the sides and exits the osculum at the top

Filtering Sponge https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= T 7 E 1 rq 7 z. HLc

Sponge Reproduction • External fertilization • External development • • • Sexual reproduction: sponges release sperm into the water and eggs are fertilized within the body of another sponge Larva swim out, settle on the sea floor, and become new sponges Asexual reproduction occurs when sponges bud

Phylum Cnidaria: Hydras Sea Anemones Jellyfish Corals

Cnidarians • Radial symmetry • Carnivores • Two body types: Polyp and Medusa • Specialized cells myclasses. naperville 203. poly p medus a

Cnidarians* • Stinging cells on tentacles arranged in circles around their mouths • Nematocysts are triggered by touch • Used to paralyze or kill prey or as a defense. myclasses. naperville 203. poly p medus a

Cnidarian Symbiosis • • Sea anemones and clown fish have a mutual symbiotic relationship. The anemone is cleaned by the fish and the fish is protected by the anemone’s tentacles. www. asknature. o

Cnidarians Symbiosis Corals and algae • Algae grows within coral tissues • Algae provide energy through photosynthesis and help coral build their calcium carbonate skeletons. • If the algae is harmed, the corals suffer. Pollution is killing many of the world’s corals. . . www. duke. ed 3. bp. blogspot. com

Cnidarians baynature. org earthguide. ucsd. e

National Geographic: Jellyfish Invasion https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e y. Cig. Z_bs. TM

Cnidarian Life Cycle • • External fertilization External development • Adult jellyfish releases eggs or sperm into the water • Fertilized egg develops into a polyp • Polyp develops into a medusa www. teara. govt. nz

Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms • • Soft, flattened worms First bilateral symmetry

Flatworm Crash Landing https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 Uk. ZHDIuj. Uc World’s Weirdest https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=w n 3 xlu. IRh 1 Y

Flatworm Respiration, Excretion, Circulation • Depend on osmosis and diffusion for respiration, circulation, and excretion because their bodies are so flat and thin. sharon-taxonomy 2010 -p 2. wikispaces. com monsterfishkeepers. co

Flatworm Nervous System • Ganglia (no brain) and eyespots are the first cephalization monsterfishkeepers. co

Flatworm Reproduction* tutorvista. com • Two hermaphrodite worms that exchange sperm with each other. • The other is an extraordinary regeneration abilities by stem cells. classes. dma. ucla. edu

blog. plover. com http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=w 0 Qz. SYQGsn. A weirdbuglady. deviantart. c

Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms • Bilateral symmetry • Slender, unsegmented worms with tapering ends.

Roundworms • First true mouth and anus. • Food enters in one place and exits from another

Roundworm reproduction • Internal fertilization • External development

Roundworms • Most are free-living, but some are parasitic

Roundworm Video https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=t p-O 3 LME 3 OU Monsters Inside Me https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= Dx. L 2 q. HBetv. I Monsters Inside Me 2 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= _JWR 1 rz. Fhc 0&list=PL 0 D 72 BFEBC 59 D F 7 F 0

Phylum Annelida: Earthworms and Leeches • Bilateral symmetry • First segmented body type

Annelid Circulation: infusion. allconet. org • First closed circulatory system with the first appearance of blood. expandingcircle. wordpress.

Annelid Nervous System: • • First brain Most have a well-developed nervous system consisting of a brain and several nerve cords. tutorvista. com

Annelid Reproduction: • Internal fertilization • External development • Some annelids have separate sexes. • However, some are hermaphrodites. biologyeoc. wikispaces. com

Groups of Annelids hermes-press. com

Giant Earthworm https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=u. O 4 l kv-j. LRs

Phylum Mollusca: Snails, slugs, clams, oysters, octopi, squid

Mollusks: Body Plan Body plans have four parts: 1. Visceral mass (soft body) 2. Foot 3. Mantle 4. Shell

Mollusks: Three Major Classes 1. Gastropods- “stomach-foot” a. Snails and slugs

Mollusks: Three Major Classes 2. Bivalves-”two shells” a. Clams, oysters, mussels and scallops

Clam vs. Starfish https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= BIEComy. Bwx 0

Mollusks: Three Major Classes 3. Cephalopods-”head-foot” a. Octopi, squid, cuttlefish, and aquariumofpacific. org nautili aslo. org weirdseamonsters. com biolib. cz

Octopus Squeeze https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= 949 e. Yd. Ez 3 Es Octopi Camouflage https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= p. VIVIq 4 F 3 x 0

Phylum Arthropoda: • Segmented body • Ectoskeleton (exoskeleton) made of a protein called chitin Jointed appendages Arthropod = “jointed foot” • • (but most have fewer segments than annelids)

Arthropod Feeding • Mouth parts vary to fit many types of feeding. localnature. com

Arthropod Respiration • Some breath through tracheal tubes that extend throughout the body. myclasses. naperville 203. org

Arthropod Respiration • Marine arthropods, such as lobsters and crabs, have gills. stirwordfest. wordpress. com arthursclipart. org

Lobster Fight https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=QU g 5 Mo. GK 4 No

Arthropod Nervous System • Most have a well developed nervous system and all have a brain.

Arthropod Reproduction • Terrestrial arthropods have internal fertilization. • Some aquatic arthropods have external fertilization.

Growth and Development • As arthropods grow, the exoskeleton can’t grow with it. • The exoskeleton has to “molt”. redbubble. com

Arthropod Molt https: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=2 d 0 fph. O 04 K 4

Groups of Arthropods Crustaceans – crabs, shrimp, lobsters, and crayfish. specialist 16. blogspot. com

Groups of Arthropods Chelicerata: Horseshoe Crabs, Spiders, Mites and Ticks, msnbc. msn. com Scorpions. beachchairscientist. wordpress. com calacademy. org puppy-training-solutions. com williamsebastianphoto. com

Groups of Arthropods Uniramia – Centipedes and Millipedes kaweahoaks. com mad 4 csi. tripod. co

Groups of Arthropods Insects: • Body has three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen • Three pair of legs attached to the thorax

Development: Incomplete Metamorphosis • Egg • Nymph • Adult

Development: Complete Metamorphosis • • Egg Larvae Pupa Adult

Complete Metamorphosis bccranberrygrowers. com

Complete Metamorphosis hudsonregional. org

Phylum Echinoderma: Starfish and Sea Stars • • • “Echinoderma” = Spiny skin Radial symmetry Internal skeleton External fertilization External development

higheredbcs. wiley. com

Clam vs. Starfish https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= BIEComy. Bwx 0 Starfish Time Lapse https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= D 3 W 4 OCn. Hy. Cs&list=PL 61 C 574 E 83 D 6 29 DD 1&index=30

echinoblogspot. com kadamsphoto. com

Animal Development (Review)

Early Development At fertilization, an egg is fertilized and becomes worms. zoology. wisc. e a zygote. www. geol. umd. edu

Early Development Then through cell division (mitosis), the zygote becomes a blastula. worms. zoology. wisc. edu blastula www. geol. umd. edu

At this step, each species starts to differentiate depending on evolutionary development. . . https: //bealbio. wikispaces. com