WarmUp Get ready to turn in your homework

Warm-Up • Get ready to turn in your homework!!!! • Identify what the Hagia Sophia has been over its history. • Name the most important Emperor of the Byzantine Empire • Identify at least 3 differences between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

Byzantine Empire and the Russians

DECLINE & FALL • By 700 s Byzantine was reduced to mainly Greek areas. • Constantly under attack, first by the SELJUK TURKS (Muslims) & then by the OTTOMAN TURKS who officially defeated the Byzantines in 1453 C. E.

SLAVS • Most influenced by the Byzantines were the SLAVS. • Slavs invited the Viking chief Rurik to be their king, founded Novgorod in 862 (Russia’s 1 st important city). • Their most important city was KIEV, located on the Dnieper River. • Trade routes were established between Constantinople & Kiev.

• Kiev in Present day Ukraine • Home of vital trading networks • Would become the center of the first Russian state • Boyars – Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than western European aristocrats First Civilization

Kiev and the Byzantine Empire • Trade helped Kiev enter the Byzantine empire • 957 Princess Olga of Kiev converted to Byzantine Christianity – Grandson “Vladimir” spread religion which gained strength • Russians started to adapt religious art, music and architecture – Onion domes

• Culture spread with trade. • CYRILLIC alphabet was useful in converting many Slavs to Christianity. • Invented/spread by St. Cyril • Thus, starting in 863 with the advent of the Cyrillic language Christianity spread north.

Leaders • Vladimir I – ruler of Kiev (980 -1015) converted kingdom to orthodox Christianity • Yaroslav- Grand Prince of Kiev (AD 1019) • Library & legal systems/laws divided land amongst heirs – weakened empire – Mongols invade

Religious Development • Russian Orthodoxy – Russian form of Christianity brought from the Byzantine Empire

Mongol Influences • Nomadic people from central Asia – United by Genghis Khan (Later Sections) • Looted and burned Kiev • Russian princes had to pay money to rule without Mongol interference • Mongol rule cut off Russian contacts with Western Europe which was making advances in art and science • Russian Orthodox Church grew stronger due to religious toleration

Mongol Empire • Genghis Khan – Conquered China in early 1200 s • Kublai Khan – Extended Mongol control over most of Asia, Russia and eastern Europe in Hungary. Traded extensively with the West. Entertained Marco Polo. • Pax Mongolia – largest empire in the world.

Russia • Ivan the Great (III) threw off the rule of the Mongols, centralized power in Moscow, and expanded the Russian nation. • Moscow became known as “The Third Rome” – Successor to the Byzantine Empire • Power was centralized in the hands of the czar. • The Orthodox Church influenced unification. • Alexander Nevsky- Novgorod’s prince and military hero who advised his fellow princes to cooperate with the Mongols.

Ivan the Great ---- Ivan III • Recovered Russian territories that were lost to invaders • Tried to limit the power of boyars (landowning nobles) • Took on the title of Czar (Russian for Caesar)

Ivan the Terrible --- Ivan IV • Grandson • Nobles granted land for military service • Tied serfs to land • Violent, killed own son • Introduced Russia to extreme absolute power Eastern Europe

Recap • • • Western Europe Latin in churches Pope had power and the people accepted Trade, town life and learning declined after the fall of Rome • • • Byzantine Greek language Claimed right to appoint the head of the church Did not accept pope Wealth from trade (Silk Road) Taxes provided money to run govt. and army