WarmUp FOLD A PIECE OF COMPUTER PAPER INTO
- Slides: 46
Warm-Up FOLD A PIECE OF COMPUTER PAPER INTO 4, EACH DAY’S WARM-UP IN A BOX! 1. What causes the tides? 2. How are temperature and density related? (think back to convection currents in the mantle!) 3. Have you ever jumped in deep water? How does the deep water compare to the water on the surface?
Motion of the Ocean What is the difference between waves, tides, and currents?
WAVES
Waves ➢A disturbance which moves through or over the surface of a fluid ➢ Mostly caused by winds (Also earthquakes, volcanoes, grav. pull)
Wave Characteristics ➢ Parts of a Wave ● Crest = high point ● Trough = low point ● Height = vertical distance from crest to trough ● Wavelength = Horizontal distance between crest to crest or trough to trough
Size of Wind Generated Waves ➢ Depends on 3 things: ● ● ● Wind Speed Wind Duration (length of time wind blows) “Fetch” Extent of open water across which the wind can blow
Water Motion in Waves ➢ Water travels in vertical circular orbits ➢ Wave moves, particles don’t!
Importance of Waves ➢ Shaping Coastlines ● ● Erode cliffs Grind rock into sand ➢ Ecology ● ● Returns O 2 to water Stir up food for filter feeders
Types of Waves CHOP – Short period (back bays) SWELL – Long period (boat rolls; seasickness) SWASH – water up beach BACKWASH – back down
TSUNAMI “TIDAL WAVE” Caused by undersea quake or volcano • Wavelength = ~150 mi. Wave height = 6” – 1’ Can NOT perceive in boat Speed > 500 mph Slows down to ~25 mph at shore; water builds up to ~65+ ft
Tsunami Waves
TIDES
Nags Head, North Carolina
Nag’s Head Tidal Height and Time for Nov. 2, 2014
Tides of Nag’s Head, NC 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. What is on the x-axis of the graph? What is on the y-axis of the graph? What is the independent variable? Dependent variable? What is the maximum height of the tide? (both today and ever) What is the minimum height of the tide? (both today and ever) How many high tides are there? How many low tides are there? About how much time is there between the high and low tides? (on average) How different are high and low tide in feet?
Solunar Activity Sol = sun Lun = moon “There’s an app for that” Fishermen and scientists use this regularly for their jobs and hobbies! Solunar Activity = the behavior and activity of animals in relation to the position of the sun and the moon WHO/WHY? Fishermen use this information to determine the best time of day and days of the month to catch fish
Nag’s Head, NC 11 -Day Tide Forecast 1. Does the time of sunrise and sunset change? If so, about how much per day? 2. Does the time of the high and low tides change? If so, about how much per day? 3. For today, Nov. 3, what time are the high and low tides? 4. Make a prediction… what time do you think the first low tide will be on Nov. 12 th? What about the first high tide? 5. What day shown has the highest Solunar Activity? 6. What day would you most like to go fishing? 7. Make a prediction… observe the Solunar activity pattern. What is the next day you think will have the highest solunar activity?
Tides ➢ The rhythmic rise and fall of the ocean’s water High tide = rising, incoming tide Low tide = receding, outgoing tide
Tides are very long, slow waves ➢They have a wave period of 12 hours 25 min ➢Tidal day is 24 hours 50 min ➢NC has 2 high and 2 low tides daily ➢Our average tide difference is about 3 feet ● In some places of the world it can be as low as 1 ft. to as high as 40 ft! Want to know more? Check out this awesome website about NC’s tides and shorelines! http: //coastalcare. org/educa te/tides/
Tidal Range the vertical difference between high and low tides’ water height
Tides in Hilton Head, SC This video was taken off the coast of South Carolina. The video is a time lapse over 7 hours. Considering South Carolina is close to North Carolina, how many tide switches should there be in 7 hours? https: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=bwbvr. Pv 2 zo. U Questions 1. What tide does the video start at? 2. What tide does the video end at?
What Causes Tides? 1. Gravitational pull of sun & moon on Earth ➢moon closer, therefore > affect ➢Like a magnet, pulls water away from the surface (called the TIDAL BULGE)
2. Centrifugal Forces • Produced by motions of Earth, sun, & moon • Bulge on opposite side because centr. force > pull of moon
Types of Tides • Spring Tide Moon and sun are in direct line with one another Results in unusually high tidal range about 6 ft. tidal range in NC Occurs 2 times per month
Types of Tides • Spring Tide Moon and sun are in direct line with one another Results in unusually high tidal range about 6 ft. tidal range in NC Occurs 2 times per month Question: Would this be the same if the sun and moon were on opposite sides of the earth?
➢ Neap Tide ● sun and moon are at right angles ● Pulls cancel each other out – causes a weak pull ● unusually low tidal range ● In NC, is about 2 ft. tidal range ● 2 x’s / month
Types of Tides Continued Diurnal Tides ● 1 high & 1 low / day ● Parts of Gulf of Mexico and Asia ➢ Semi-Diurnal Tides ● 2 high & 2 low / day (same height) ● Atlantic coasts of North America and Europe ➢ Mixed ● 2 high & 2 low / day (height varies) ● Pacific coast ➢
Importance of Tides • Expose & submerge orgs • Circulate water in bays & estuaries • circulates food, waste, etc. • Trigger spawning (grunion, horseshoe crab
CURRENTS
1. What does the EAC look like? 2. What do you think is causing the EAC to move in this way? 3. Based on the video, what do you think a current is? http: //video. disney. com/watch/catching-the-eac-4 bb 39 d 25 a 179 ea 8833003 b 15
Currents • What are currents? - “Rivers” of circulating water • Caused by. . . - Wind - Rotating Earth - Density Changes http: //www. brainpop. com/science/e arthsystem/oceancurrents/
NAVIGATION MIGRATION WEATHER
Surface vs. Deep Currents http: //science. howstuffworks. com/environmental/earth/oceanography/ocean-current 1. htm Page 2. Read paragraphs 1 -3 Jump down to the paragraph next to the “Upwelling Currents” diagram. Read from “Yett another type. . . “ through the end of the page. 1. Complete the sentence. Cold, deeper layers of water are rich in ______ and _______, while the _______ surface waters are rich in ________. 2. Upwelling brings __________ water to the surface to replace the ______________.
https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Pb 69 HENUZs 8
Surface Ocean Currents • Broad, slow drifts; never cross equator • Wind generated; circular GYRES • Gyre= Rotating surface current
• Coriolis Effect - N. Hemis – clockwise; Right - S. Hemis – counterclockwise; Left
• Gulf Stream - N. Atlantic - Brings warm water from equator north along east coast of N. A. -Sometimes form eddies – circulating water that pinches off from the current
Page 4. Deep Currents Read the first paragraph. Jump down to the paragraph that starts with “The global conveyor belt begins…” through the end of the page. 1. 2. 3. 4. What is the deep-water current known as? Where does the “global conveyor belt” begin? What is upwelling? How does the global conveyor belt (deep current) compare to the surface currents? 5. How does the global conveyor belt help the food chain?
Deep Ocean Currents ➢Flow beneath surface; cross equator ➢Move North to South ➢ Separated from surface currents by boundary called a “Thermohaline” (diff in densities)
Thermohaline Current Bill Nye Video https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=w_8 mw-1 HYFg 1. What does thermo mean? 2. What does haline mean? 3. What happens to the salt when the surface water is heated and evaporates? 4. What happens to that water described in question 3?
Importance Of Deep Currents ● Upwelling • Brings deep water to surf. • Circulates nutrients up • Moves plankton & larvae
Exit Ticket 1. What causes waves? 2. What is one importance of waves? (what do they do/cause) 3. What causes tides (2 things!) 4. What is one importance of tides? 5. Which direction does water move in the Northern Hemisphere? AND What is this effect called?
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