Warmup Agenda Warmup Notes Objectives To describe how

Warm-up

Agenda Warm-up Notes

Objectives To describe how Muslims conquered many lands To illustrate the movements within Islam To explain why the empire of the Caliphs declined.

EGYPT

Byzantine Empire EGYPT

Byzantine Empire ALEXANDRIA EGYPT

Byzantine Empire ALEXANDRIA EGYPT ARABIA

Byzantine Empire CORDOBA ALEXANDRIA EGYPT ARABIA

Byzantine Empire CORDOBA ALEXANDRIA CAIRO EGYPT ARABIA

Byzantine Empire CORDOBA DAMASCUS ALEXANDRIA CAIRO EGYPT ARABIA

Byzantine Empire CORDOBA DAMASCUS ALEXANDRIA CAIRO PERSIA EGYPT ARABIA

GENOA Byzantine Empire CORDOBA DAMASCUS ALEXANDRIA CAIRO PERSIA EGYPT ARABIA

GENOA Byzantine Empire CORDOBA DAMASCUS ALEXANDRIA PERSIA CAIRO EGYPT MEDINA ARABIA

GENOA Byzantine Empire CORDOBA ALEXANDRIA DAMASCUS BAGHDAD CAIRO EGYPT MEDINA PERSIA ARABIA

GENOA Byzantine Empire CORDOBA TANGIER ALEXANDRIA DAMASCUS BAGHDAD CAIRO EGYPT PERSIA MEDINA ARABIA

GENOA Byzantine Empire NAPLES CORDOBA TANGIER ALEXANDRIA DAMASCUS BAGHDAD CAIRO EGYPT MEDINA PERSIA ARABIA

GENOA Byzantine Empire NAPLES CORDOBA TANGIER ALEXANDRIA DAMASCUS BAGHDAD CAIRO EGYPT MEDINA MECCA PERSIA ARABIA

GENOA Byzantine Empire. CONSTANTINOPLE NAPLES CORDOBA TANGIER ALEXANDRIA DAMASCUS BAGHDAD PERSIA CAIRO EGYPT MEDINA MECCA ARABIA

Islamic Empires The growth and achievements of the Islamic civilization

Review of Islam It is a Religion/Belief System Created in the Middle East (Mecca) Founded by Muhammad Followers are called Muslims follow the 5 Pillars Holy book is the Koran Devout Muslims follow Sharia law

Spread of Islam started in the Middle East with Muhammad When Muhammad died a Caliph, a successor, was elected to spread the beliefs and practices The Muslim people will be ruled by the Caliph

Rule under the Caliph The time period when Muslims were ruled by Caliphs was called the Caliphate The Caliph expanded their rule and conquered (took control) of many empires, people and regions The Caliph united the Arab people (people living in the Middle East) and converted the people to believing in Islam

Where did Islam spread to? Middle East Syria Palestine Persia

Where did Islam spread to? Africa Egypt North Africa

Where did Islam spread to? Europe Spain Sicily

Where did Islam spread to? Asia India

Islamic Law Sharia is the Islamic system of law Regulated moral behavior, family life, business, government and other areas of community life. Acts as a unifying force for Muslims All laws are based on the Qur’an

Division within Islam Muslims disagreed on who should be Muhammad's successor Followers spilt into 2 groups Shiite Believe that only the descendants from Muhammad should be the Caliph (leader) Sunni Believe the Caliph (ruler) should be chosen by Muslim leaders

Muslim Empires Umayyad Dynasty 661 -750 Abbasid Dynasty Selijuk Turks

Umayyad Empire Ruled from 661 -750 First Dynasty to rule an Islamic Empire Modeled their government after the Byzantine Empire Spread Islam to the Atlantic in the west and to the Indus Valley in the east.

Umayyad Spread Muslim Empire

Umayyad Dynasty Abd al-Malik ruler who unified Muslim Empire. Made Arabic the common language Built Mosques in all new conquered lands Common currency Standardized weights and measures Ended practice of Rulers faces on coins, only use Koran verses Built the Dome of the Rock

Umayyad Dynasty Falls Abbasid Empires defeats Umayyads in 750 - Murdered ruling family One family member escapes to Spain and Umayyad will rule in Spain until 1050

Abbasid Empire Ruled from 7501258 Influenced by Persian culture Moved the capitol to Bagdad (Iraq) Had great wealth and power Experienced a Golden Age

Golden Age under the Abbasid Empire The Muslims blended (cultural diffusion) customs and traditions from Arabs, Persians, Egyptians and Europeans. Increase in trade Religious tolerance of other Monotheistic religions Advances will be made in Math, Science, Art and literature

Golden Age under the Abbasid Empire Advances in Math Developed Algebra, borrowed ideas of zero and “Arabic” numerals from India Advances in Science Doctors well trained, had to take tests to be doctors Set up hospitals Advances in Technology Streets paved and lit at night Paper( from China) replaces papyrus Pipes carried water to baths of private homes

Golden Age under the Abbasid Empire Advances in Art Made domes and arches Art consists mostly of geometric and floral patterns Advances in Literature Muslim scholars translated the works of many Greek scholars

Fall of the Abbasid Empire The Mongols will invade in 1258 and destroyed Bagdad

Spread of civilizations in East Asia

Mongol Dynasty 1241 1236 -

OBJECTIVES To summarize how the Mongols conquered and ruled a huge empire. To describe effects of Mongol rule on the world

The Mongols were nomadic people A Mongolian Chieftan, Genghiz Khan, united warring Mongolian tribes. The united Mongol forces created a vast empire stretching from the Pacific Ocean into Europe

Leader: Genghiz Khan Took the name Genghiz Khan – “World Emperor” Skilled warrior Strict leader Expanded the Mongol Empire

Location of the Empire Expanded from Asia to Eastern Europe Controlled China, India, Korea and Vietnam

Mongol Impact Conquests: Conquered a vast territory because they were skilled horsemen and Fierce warriors Effects on Russia Created an Absolute government Isolated them from Europe

At the height of Mongol Empire

Impact Effects on China-Golden Age in China Pax Mongolia – stability Silk Road flourished Trade Increased between China and Europe Marco Polo – Traveled from Italy Ibn Battuta – Traveled from Morocco

Decline of Mongol Power Too Large and Diverse Lack of strong central government People were incompetent or corrupt Desire for independence Russia and China overthrew Mongol rule

The Emergence of Japan

Geography Setting Physical Features: Archipelago and Mountainous Irregular coastlines

Impact on Japanese 4/5 of land is too mountainous to farm Used seas for food and transportation Isolated and Influenced by China

Chinese Influences Writing: adapted Chinese writing Confucianism: Influenced Japanese culture especially family loyalty and honoring parents Customs and arts: Adopted Chinese tea drinking and ceremonies

Government Originally set up clans Emperor is God like-no real power No strong centralized government led to Feudalism

Japan’s Feudal Age

Japan’s Feudal Structure Emperor –No Political Power Shogun-Actual Ruler Daimyo- Large Landowners Samurai-Warriors, followed Bushido Peasants, Farmers, Artisans- workers, made weapons Merchants-Did not give to society Profited from others labor

Code of Bushido Code for Samurai “Way of the Warrior” Honor, Bravery, Loyalty Do not fear death Samurai who betray code: expected to commit seppuku-ritual suicide

Tokugawa Shogunate (1603 -1868) Government: Centralized government that was strong and brought order to Japan. Emperor at top but had no political power. The Shougun had all the power and say.

Economy Porsperity Agriculture improved and expanded Food surplus Towns developed Stayed Isolated

Advances In arts and theater-Kabuki Haiku-poetry

Comparison with Europe Japan Feudalism Well defined place in society Samurai-Bushido (Code) Europe Feudalism Well defined place in society Knights-Chivalry(Code)