WarmUp 6 minutes Copy the chart below onto

Warm-Up: (6 minutes) - Copy the chart below onto your worksheet - Turn in your warm-up log - Have today’s notes & eastern front ready to go Front Location French. WESTERN German border EASTERN Russian. German border Fought b/w Type of warfare Who dominates France & Trench Britain v. Warfare Germany No One Russia v. Germany More mobile

WORLD WAR I THE EASTERN FRONT AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

• Takes place along the German-Russian border – More mobile, although still has stalemate and slaughter • Russia – Best asset is its numbers, myth of a Russian steamroller – Not yet as industrialized as the rest of Europe • Army short on guns, ammunition, food, and clothes • 1/3 of soldiers don’t have guns – use broomsticks – Allies unable to ship supplies to Russia • German naval fleet blocking the Baltic Seas • Ottoman Empire controls the Dardanelles

– Lack of good military leaders – officers usually advance based on connections, not ability • Russia would rather concentrate on Austria-Hungary, but France demands that Russia takes action against Germany to relieve pressure on the Western Front – Manages to tie up hundreds of thousands of German troops – Beginning of the war Russian forces had launched attacks into Germany and Austria – Are decisively defeated at the Battle of Tannenberg and pushed out of Germany by Sept. 1914 • Russia has better luck against Austria-Hungary – Austria would rather concentrate on Serbia

– Keeps sending troops to Serbia and doesn’t have enough to fight the Russians • Gets thrown out of Serbia • Germany comes to the aid of A-H – Defeats the Russian army and pushes them far into their own territory, almost knocks Russia out of the war – Leads to new alliances • Italy betrays the Triple Alliance by attacking Austria in May 1915 – looking to gain territory – The Italian Front – Italy sends soldiers against A-H in a series of battles, doesn’t make much progress – Becomes part of the Allied Powers

• Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire both join the Central Powers – Attack and eliminate Serbia from the war – The British encourage the Arab peoples to rebel against the Ottoman Empire • Send T. E. Lawrence to support the Arabs, who overthrew Ottoman rule • Promise them freedom and independence when the war ends – Fail to deliver on the promise – instead become British and French protectorates

• The Armenian Massacre – The Ottoman Empire began forcibly removing and killing ethnic Armenians, who are Christian • Claimed they were helping the Russians – 600, 000 are killed another 600, 000 are deported

The Russian Revolution • Causes that led to the Revolution – Strict and oppressive gov’t • Czar has absolute authority, uses secret police • Dissolves the power of the Duma, Czar won’t share power – Large gap between the privileged rich and the poor – Discontent due to the Russo-Japanese War and Bloody Sunday – World War I – was unprepared to handle the military and economic costs • 12 million fight, have 6. 7 million casualties

– Food and other goods growing scarce • Impoverished peasants are growing desperate – Czar Nicholas takes command of the army and leaves his wife, Czarina Alexandra, in charge of the gov’t • She turns to Rasputin to heal her son from hemophilia • Rasputin is a self-proclaimed healer, gains more and more power – His immoral behavior outrages the Russian people • Dec. 1916 a group of Russian nobles decide to assassinate Rasputin – Poisoned, shot three times, and finally drowned (still able to untie the knots)

• Revolutionary movements – Bolsheviks follow the teachings of Karl Marx and are led by Vladimir Lenin • He flees Russia, from 1900 -1917 lives mostly in Switzerland – Believe that the czar needs to be overthrown and that only violent revolution could destroy the capitalist system • March Revolution (1917) – A series of riots started by women who were tired of standing in bread lines • Demand “peace and bread”

– Soldiers sent in to restore order refuse to shoot the rioters – On March 15, Czar Nicholas II abdicates, ending 300 years of Romanov rule • The Duma assumes power and establishes a provisional gov’t – Decides to keep Russia in WWI to preserve Russia’s honor • Many people are upset with this decision, they want an end to the war – The provisional gov’t also is doing little to help the peasants, who want land food

– The provisional gov’t faces challenges to its authority from the soviets • Soviets are councils composed of representatives of soldiers and workers – The Bolsheviks lead opposition to the new gov’t • Lenin sees this revolution as an opportunity – Germany sends Lenin back to Russia • Hopes he will create unrest that will weaken Russia’s war efforts • Bolshevik Revolution (1917) – Also known as the November Revolution – Nov. 6 Bolshevik forces seize the Winter Palace and the new gov’t collapses

– The Bolsheviks rename themselves Communists and set up a new gov’t with Lenin as their leader • He abolishes private property • Seizes private land factories – One of Lenin’s first acts was to take Russia out of the war

• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918) – Between Germany and Russia to end Russia’s involvement in WWI – Harsh terms • Russia gives Germany: Finland, Poland, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania – End of WWI makes the treaty invalid • Nations gain independence – This treaty has bad consequences for France, since Germany now only has to concentrate on one front • Millions of troops are moved to the Western Front

• Civil War – Red Army vs. White Army (19181922) – Red = Communists – White = anti-Communists, such as people loyal to the czar, political opponents of the Bolsheviks, and the Allied Powers • The czar and the royal family are murdered to end support for them – After three years and millions of Russians dead, the Red Army wins • New country called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or the Soviet Union

WWI EASTERN FRONT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Eastern Front is along what border? Who is winning on the Eastern Front? What is the problem with the Russian army? What four nations make up the Central Powers? List three causes of the Russian Revolution: Group that follows the teachings of Karl Marx: The leader of the above group is? What did women want in the March Revolution? What is the major mistake that the Duma makes when they assume power? 10. What happens in the Bolshevik (Nov. ) Revolution? 11. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk removes Russia from? 12. Why is this bad for France and Great Britain (what does it mean for Germany)?