WarmUp 31213 After transcription an m RNA molecule

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Warm-Up 3/12/13 • After transcription, an m. RNA molecule with the sequence A U

Warm-Up 3/12/13 • After transcription, an m. RNA molecule with the sequence A U A C G C A G U was created. • What was the sequence of the original DNA strand?

Yesterday we introduced transcription. Today, we’ll talk about… Translation!!!

Yesterday we introduced transcription. Today, we’ll talk about… Translation!!!

While RNA is single-stranded, it does not “combine” to make double-stranded DNA and RNA

While RNA is single-stranded, it does not “combine” to make double-stranded DNA and RNA are two entirely different molecules. RNA contains ribose sugar while DNA contains deoxyribose, and RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).

Translation • What? The ribosome uses information from m. RNA to produce proteins –

Translation • What? The ribosome uses information from m. RNA to produce proteins – The order of nucleotides in each gene codes for the order of amino acids which make up a specific protein

Translation • Where? Takes place at the ribosome (in the cytoplasm or at the

Translation • Where? Takes place at the ribosome (in the cytoplasm or at the rough ER) • Why? So that DNA instructions for a gene can be converted into a protein which will result in a specific trait (like hair color)

Translation • How? • RNA Proteins

Translation • How? • RNA Proteins

Steps in Translation 1. m. RNA moves to the cytoplasm and finds a ribosome,

Steps in Translation 1. m. RNA moves to the cytoplasm and finds a ribosome, and the m. RNA chain begins to move through the ribosome

Steps in Translation 2. As it moves through the ribosome, m. RNA codons are

Steps in Translation 2. As it moves through the ribosome, m. RNA codons are read and deciphered *Each m. RNA codon codes for a specific amino acid. •

Steps in Translation 3. t. RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome --

Steps in Translation 3. t. RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome -- Each t. RNA carries only one amino acid -- The t. RNA has 3 bases that make up an anticodon (which is complementary to one m. RNA codon)

Steps in Translation 4. At the ribosome, the amino acid is transferred to a

Steps in Translation 4. At the ribosome, the amino acid is transferred to a growing polypeptide chain (protein) – Peptide bonds are added between each amino acid to connect them and form a string

Steps in Translation 5. More amino acids are added to the growing chain until

Steps in Translation 5. More amino acids are added to the growing chain until the ribosome reaches a stop codon – Final Product: A PROTEIN!

Steps in Translation 5. Depending on the order of amino acids, the protein will

Steps in Translation 5. Depending on the order of amino acids, the protein will fold up into a specific shape – Final Product: A PROTEIN!

ribosome

ribosome

How to read a codon table…

How to read a codon table…

Let’s Practice Given the m. RNA sequence… ACU GGC UAU CCA GCU UAG Thr

Let’s Practice Given the m. RNA sequence… ACU GGC UAU CCA GCU UAG Thr Gly Tyr Pro Ala STOP What is the correct amino acid sequence?

Let’s Practice Given the m. RNA sequence… CCC AGC GAA GUG AUC UGA Pro

Let’s Practice Given the m. RNA sequence… CCC AGC GAA GUG AUC UGA Pro Ser Glu Val Ile STOP What is the correct amino acid sequence?

Let’s Practice Given the m. RNA sequence… AUG CUA CGU UGG CAU UAA Met

Let’s Practice Given the m. RNA sequence… AUG CUA CGU UGG CAU UAA Met Leu Arg Trp His STOP What is the correct amino acid sequence?

Let’s Practice Given the m. RNA sequence… AAC UGC AAA GCG CAU UGA Asn

Let’s Practice Given the m. RNA sequence… AAC UGC AAA GCG CAU UGA Asn Cys Lys Ala His STOP What is the correct amino acid sequence?

Let’s Practice Given the m. RNA sequence… AUU AUA UCU AGU UCA UAG Ile

Let’s Practice Given the m. RNA sequence… AUU AUA UCU AGU UCA UAG Ile Ser Ser STOP What is the correct amino acid sequence?

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