WarmUp 1210 Get your ISN interactive science notebook

Warm-Up: 12/10 Get your ISN (interactive science notebook and warm -up/vocabulary) and a pen/pencil to write with. You will be taking notes today on Oceans. After that, you can show me your week 3 vocabulary so I can record a grade. You will get week 4 vocabulary tomorrow and we will talk about water quality.

Agenda 12/11 -01/08 for Hydrosphere Unit: December 11 th-December 12 th: Water Quality vocabulary, notes, and article December 13 th: Quiz on Oceans and finish article December 16 th-18 th: Poster for Stewardship December 19 th –December 20 th: Study guide for Hydrosphere unit test January 6 th: Review game for unit test January 7 th: Hydrosphere unit test January 8 th: Start a NEW unit

Ocean Currents

What is a current? ● Current – A large stream of moving water that flows through the oceans. ● 2 Types of Currents: ● Surface Currents ● Deep Currents

Surface Currents ● What are currents at the surface of the ocean are driven by? Wind

Ocean Temperatures at the Surface ● Surface temperatures vary by location and season. ● Surface temperature is warmer near the equator than near the poles.

How do currents affect the climate? ● The surface currents warm or cool the air above it, and thus changes the climate. ● Question: Alaska and Northern Europe are at the same latitudes. Why is it then that Alaska has a much colder climate than Northern Europe?

Deep Currents ● Cold water is moved across the ocean floor, deep below the ocean’s surface. ● What causes deep currents? Differences in Density

Upwelling ● Upwelling – The movement of cold water upward from the deep ocean. ● What causes an upwelling? ● Answer: When strong winds move warm surface water, then this allows the cold water to rise up and replace the warm water.

Upwelling ● Upwelling brings up minerals and nutrients. ● This supply of nutrients allows for many fish and ocean animals to live in upwelling zones.

Downwelling is the opposite process of upwelling. In this process, winds push ocean water toward the shore. This water is pushed onto water that is already there, and the pressure then causes the water to sink. This helps to provide dissolved oxygen to deeper waters.

videos On Ocean Currents: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=p 4 p. Wafuv dr. Y On Upwelling/Downwelling https: //oceana. org/blog/watch-upwelling-secret-ingredient-productive-oceans

Salinity ● Salinity - The total amount of dissolved salt in a sample of water. ● What is the salinity of the ocean? ● In other words, for every 1, 000 grams of sea water, how many grams of salt do you think is in the ocean?

Salinity ● Salinity - The total amount of dissolved salt in a sample of water. 1000 grams of sea water contains an average of 35 grams of salt

Where does the salt come from? ● Volcanic Activity and Land Erosion add many different minerals to the ocean. ● These minerals are mostly Sodium and Chloride, and when combined make salt!

Effects of Salinity ●Salinity lowers the freezing pointof water. ● Salt water takes longer to freeze than fresh water! ●Salinity increases the densityof water ● It is easier to float in salt water than in fresh water!

Effects of Salinity Egg Demo ● Egg in Salt water vs. Egg in Fresh water ● Make your predictions: ● What will happen when an egg is placed in Fresh water? ● What will happen when an egg is placed in Salt water? ● What does this tell us about the density of salt water in comparison to fresh water?

●The higher the salt content of the water, the greater its density. ●The lower the salt content of the water, the lower its density ●The Dead Sea is so salty and dense, people can actually float on the surface. ●rainfall decreasessalinity near The surface ●evaporation increasessalinity in warm conditions

Dissolved Gases in the Ocean ● What 2 gases are found in the air AND in the ocean?

Dissolved Gases in the Ocean ● What 2 gases are found in the air AND in ocean water? Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

Dissolved Gases in the Ocean ● What is the SOURCE of Oxygen in the Ocean? ● What is the SOURCE of Carbon Dioxide in the Ocean?

Gases in Ocean Water ● What is the SOURCE of Oxygen in the Ocean? Plants and the Atmosphere ● What is the SOURCE of Carbon Dioxide in the Ocean? Animals and the Atmosphere

●Ocean animals need the dissolved gases to survive. ●Ocean animals take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide

Changes with Depth ● How do each of the properties change as you go deeper in the ocean? ● Temperature? ● Light? ● Salinity? ● Density? ● Pressure?

● How do each of the properties change as you go deeper in the ocean? ● Temperature? Decreases ● Light? Decreases ● Salinity? Stays relatively the same ● Density? Increases ● Pressure? Increases

●Density: the density of seawater depends on temperature and salinity ●Usually less dense at the surface and increases in density as you go down into the deep zone Pressure: pressure increases as you go down to the deep zone

Now time to… ● Show me your week 3 vocabulary so I can record a grade ● Work on a Water Quality wordsearch for fun to get you thinking about it for tomorrow. I challenge you to do 2 of the 5 columns before the bell rings. You can work together.