WarmUp 102416 n How does your body heal

Warm-Up 10/24/16 n How does your body heal a wound? Why doesn’t it remain open forever?

Mitosis

What is Mitosis? n Division of a cell’s nucleus n Chromosomes (DNA) are equally divided n 2 identical daughter cells that are formed

What is the cell cycle? § § Continuous sequence of growth and division of a cell. 2 parts: Interphase & Mitosis (PMAT)

The cell cycle A newly formed cell will spend the majority of its time in Interphase – n nondividing phase of a cell n Cells perform their functions or prepare for cell division during interphase n

Interphase Longest phase n. G 1 phase – Growth - Proteins made n. S (synthesis) phase – DNA Replication n. G 2 phase – Growth n. G 0 phase- No growth, cell is resting

Interphase copyright cmassengale

G 0 Phase Most cells after completing the cell cycle will go into a resting phase known as the G 0 phase. n In this phase it is neither dividing nor preparing to divide, but it is performing its normal job. n

But what can happen if cell division/growth goes unchecked? Discuss with a shoulder partner.

DNA Replication (S) phase - Interphase

Chromatin and Chromosomes • Chromatin is loosely coiled DNA • Chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA

More on chromososomes n Chromosome – Only present during cell division A protein package that contains DNA Made of two “sister chromatids” attached at the centromere Each chromatid contains an identical molecule of DNA The chromatids detach from each other during mitosis (separating the duplicated DNA to opposite sides of the cell A duplicated Chromosome

Question Break n The cell cycle is an example of which characteristic of life? A. Homeostasis and Response n B. Reproduction n C. Evolution n D. Growth and Development n Purposes of cell division – • Healing wounds • Growing into a bigger organism

Cell Cycle n http: //www. youtub e. com/watch? anno tation_id=annotati on_706798&featur e=iv&src_vid=n. PG 6480 RQo 0&v=VGV 3 fv-u. ZYI

Animal cell cycle Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokenesis

Mitosis Stage 1: Prophase • Nucleus begins to disappear. • DNA condenses from chromatin to chromosomes • Spindle fibers start to form • Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell

Mitosis Stage 2: Metaphase • Chromosomes line up along the equator (middle). • Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers. • Very short phase

Metaphase copyright cmassengale

Mitosis Stage 3: Anaphase • Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell • Centromeres split apart

Centrioles/Centromeres Compare this to a fisherman catching a fishing pole = centriole fishing line = spindle fiber fish = sister chomatids

Mitosis Stage 4: Telophase • Plasma membrane separates • New nucleus forms around each set of chromosomes • Chromosomes unwind back into chromatin

Cell wall formation versus cleavage Animal Plant copyright cmassengale

Question Break n Why would plants and animal cells have differences in cytokinesis? A. Plant cells have chloroplasts while animal cells do not n B. Plant cells have cell walls while animal cells do not n C. Animal cells have a cell membrane while plant cells do not n D. Animal cells have mitochondria while plant cells do not n

Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm n Animal cell n Plant cell n Plasma membrane pinches along equator Forms a cleavage furrow that deepens until the cell is pinched in two n Plasma membrane does not pinch in b/c of rigid cell wall Cell plate forms at the equator that divides the cytoplasm n n

Purpose of Mitosis (Cell Division) n Mitosis creates 2 new identical daughter cells. The daughter cells are identical to their parent cells. n Mitosis occurs in somatic (body) cells are diploid. When a full sets of chromosomes are in a cell, it is said to be diploid.

Prokarytic cell cycle n n The cell cycle of a prokaryote is more simple because they have no Nucleus and only 1 chromosome with one molecule of DNA (circular) Growth, DNA replication, then binary fission- splitting of the cell into two

I Pour Milk And Tea n n I—Interphase “The copy phase” P—Prophase “Cell PREPARES and chromosomes become visible” n M—Metaphase “The chromosomes line up in the MIDDLE” (kindergarten phase) n A—Anaphase “The chromosomes pull APART” n T—Telophase “The TWO identical daughter cells separate”

Now make up your own mnemonic device!! n Be ready to share out!

Cancer! How Does It Happen? Photograph of breast cancer cells n Cancer is uncontrolled division of cells/cell growth. n Cancer can occur if the cell isn’t checked correctly during Interphase. n The cells do not go through G 0.

Mitosis hand signals!

REFLECTION n Why do you think it is important for new cells to be made from pre-existing cells?

Mitosis rap n https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= p. Os. Ab. Ti 9 t. Hw

Begin Student Notes

The Cell Cycle

What is Mitosis? Division of a cell’s _______ n n ______ (DNA) are equally divided n 2 ______daughter cells that are formed

What is the cell cycle? § § Continuous sequence of growth and division of a cell. 2 parts: ______& ________ (PMAT)

The cell cycle A newly formed cell will spend the _____of its time in Interphase – n _______phase of a cell n Cells perform their functions or prepare for cell division during interphase n

Interphase Longest phase n. G 1 phase –______ Proteins made - n. S (_____) phase – DNA Replication n. G 2 phase – _______ n. G 0 phase- No growth, _______

G 0 Phase Most cells after completing the cell cycle will go into a resting phase known as the ______. n In this phase it is neither dividing nor preparing to divide, but it is performing its normal job. n

DNA Replication (S) phase - Interphase

Chromatin and Chromosomes • ______ is loosely coiled DNA • _______ are tightly coiled DNA

More on chromososomes n Chromosome – Only present during cell division A protein package that contains _______ Made of two “sister _______” attached at the centromere Each chromatid contains an ______ molecule of DNA The chromatids detach from each other during ______ (separating the duplicated DNA to opposite sides of the cell A duplicated Chromosome

Question Break n The cell cycle is an example of which characteristic of life? A. Homeostasis and Response n B. Reproduction n C. Evolution n D. Growth and Development n Purposes of cell division – • Healing wounds • Growing into a bigger organism

Animal cell cycle Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokenesis

Mitosis Stage 1: Prophase • Nucleus begins to _____ • DNA condenses from _____ to chromosomes • Spindle fibers start to form • _______ move to opposite sides of the cell

Mitosis Stage 2: Metaphase • ______line up along the _______ (middle). • Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers. • Very short phase

Mitosis Stage 3: Anaphase • ____________are pulled to opposite poles of the cell • ________ split apart

Centrioles/Centromeres Compare this to a fisherman catching a fishing pole = centriole fishing line = spindle fiber fish = sister chomatids

Mitosis Stage 4: Telophase • Plasma membrane separates • New ______ forms around each set of chromosomes • Chromosomes unwind back into ______

Cell wall formation versus cleavage Animal Plant copyright cmassengale

Question Break n Why would plants and animal cells have differences in cytokinesis? A. Plant cells have chloroplasts while animal cells do not n B. Plant cells have cell walls while animal cells do not n C. Animal cells have a cell membrane while plant cells do not n D. Animal cells have mitochondria while plant cells do not n

Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm n ___________ cell n Plasma membrane pinches along equator Forms a ___________ that deepens until the cell is pinched in two n Plasma membrane does not pinch in b/c of rigid cell wall _____ forms at the equator that divides the cytoplasm n n

Purpose of Mitosis (Cell Division) n Mitosis creates ____ new _____ daughter cells. The daughter cells are identical to their ______ cells. n Mitosis occurs in _____ (body) cells are diploid. When a full sets of chromosomes are in a cell, it is said to be ______

Prokarytic cell cycle The cell cycle of a prokaryote is more simple because they have ___ Nucleus and only ____ chromosome with one molecule of DNA (circular) n Growth, DNA replication, then ___________- splitting of the cell into two n

I Pour Milk And Tea n n I—Interphase “The ______ phase” P—Prophase “Cell _______ and chromosomes become visible” n M—Metaphase “The chromosomes line up in the _______” (kindergarten phase) n A—Anaphase “The chromosomes pull _______” n T—Telophase “The ______ identical daughter cells separate”

Now make up your own mnemonic device!! n Be ready to share out! Brainstorm here!

Cancer! How Does It Happen? Photograph of breast cancer cells n Cancer is _______ division of cells/cell growth. n Cancer can occur if the cell isn’t checked correctly during Interphase. n The cells do not go through _____.

REFLECTION n Why do you think it is important for new cells to be made from pre-existing cells?