Warmup 1 What are Earths 4 spheres 2

Warm-up 1. What are Earth’s 4 “spheres? ” 2. Which spheres does the Biosphere include? 3. What type of force flattens, or takes away geosphere? 4. What does theory of Plate Tectonics explain?

“Representing Earth’s Surface” Chapter 1, Section 3

Determining Location Latitude: • North or South of the “Equator” • degreeso Longitude: • East or West of “Prime Meridian” • degreeso

Global Grid Locate any place on Earth.

Equator: • Divides Earth in two • “Hemispheres” • N↑ & S↓ Prime Meridian & 180º Meridian • ←W & E→ “Hemis”

Locating Places Using the Grid

Maps & Mapping • All maps have problems. • too small, too big, or out of place

Mercator Projection • Longitude = Parallel • Rectangular • Sailors.

Robinson Projection • Accurate distance, size, shape • wrong near edges

Conic Projection • Maps of small areas

Gnomonic Projection • Shortest distance • Sailors, pilots

Topographic Maps Earth’s 3 -D surface in 2 -D 1. Elevation 2. Distance 3. Direction 4. Slope Contour Line: • Elevation • Every point on line = same elevation Contour Interval: • Distance in elevation between “adjacent” contour lines

Contour Lines Close contours = Steep! Far contours = Gentle

Geologic Map 1. Type & Age of Rocks 2. Color & Pattern

Advanced Technology −Google Earth −“Mapquest” −GPS −Satellite Images −“Remote Sensing” • More accurate & precise analysis of Earth’s physical properties

Assignment • Read Chapter 1, Section 3 (pg. 11 -17) • Do Section 1. 3 Assessment #1 -7 (pg. 17)