Warm up You have 5 minutes after the

Warm up You have 5 minutes after the bell rings to complete the 5 map questions on page 69.

The End of the War

July 18, 1918 Second Battle of the Marne • Germany’s last great offensive strike • Germany was weakened and the allies had help from the Americans (*which was crucial)

Nov. 9 th 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm steps down • German soldiers mutinied b/c they were tired of losing and their leader Wilhelm II fled the country • Germany becomes a democratic republic, known as the “Weimar Republic”.

Nov. 11, 1918 – Armistice Day o Germany signs an armistice ending the war o An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting. (doesn’t end the war, just stops the fighting) o Germany agrees to surrender if Wilson uses his 14 points to negotiate a peace treaty

USA: Woodrow Wilson’s Goals Fourteen Points – outlined measures to keep the peace after WWI and prevent war 1. No secret alliances 2. Freedom of the Seas 3. Free trade 7 -13. Ensure self-determination for all new nations 14. Creation of the League of Nations Wilson became the spokesperson for a new world order based on democracy and international cooperation

December 1918 German Communist Party tries to take over Germany but fails.

June 1919 Paris Peace Conference Led by the “Big 4” David Lloyd George from Great Britain Vittorio Orlando from Italy Georges Clemenceau from France Woodrow Wilson from America

Great Britain France United States Italy David Lloyd Georges Clemenceau Woodrow Wilson Vittorio Orlando Wanted: • revenge on Germany (WWI fought mostly in France) • Security from any future aggression by Germany with buffer zone between them • Pay reparations for war damages The spokesperson for Democracy and a new world of Peace: -Fourteen points to prevent war -League of Nations make Germany pay reparations for war damages Only really there because they had joined the allies and helped win the war

Who was not invited? » Germany » Russia Why not?

Treaty of Versailles The “Big 4” signed individual treaties with each of the Central Powers. The most important one was the treaty with Germany, called the Treaty of Versailles

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles • Signed on June 28 th, 1919 • Germany forced to pay the Allies $33 Billion in reparations over 30 years • Article 231 – aka War Guilt Clause – Germany is forced to take all responsibility for the war • Germany returns Alsace-Loraine to France and the French border is extended to the Rhine River • Germany surrenders all of its overseas colonies in Africa and the Pacific

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles • Germany is – Forbidden to buy or build submarines or have an airforce – Prohibited from importing or making weapons – Limited in the size of its army (100, 000 men max. ) (this limiting of weapons/soldiers is know as “military disarmament”) • Creation of a League of Nations to settle all international disputes

Results of the Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles Ø Germany, Italy, Russia and Japan feel cheated by the terms of peace Ø US turns away from international affairs, refuses to join the League of Nations (even though it was their presidents’ idea) Ø Dissatisfaction with the Treaty and worldwide depression in the 1930 s sets the stage for the 2 nd World War.

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles