Warm up USING A WHITE BOARD INDIVIDUALLY write

Warm up • USING A WHITE BOARD INDIVIDUALLY, write about the similarities and differences between Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis. Include the words: monomer and polymer

Announcements • Pep Rally on Friday • Quiz on Friday over scientific method

Bell Ringer-8/31 • Complete your CER Data Worksheet and Nutrition Label Worksheet. • If/When you complete these pages, work on the Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis Vocabulary Worksheet.

Biomolecules The building blocks of life.

Essential question How do biomolecules provide the foundation for all living things? I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules

There are four major groups of polymers or Biomolecules that makes up every living thing. We sometimes call them Macromolecules. Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid

Biomolecules are POLYMER • A giant molecule made of many smaller molecules (monomers). I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules

Biomolecules are: COMPOUNDS • Organic compounds contain carbon • Only exception is carbon dioxide-CO 2 • Everything that is living has carbon • Inorganic means NO carbon; not living I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules C

Organic or inorganic? With your table, group the following compounds as organic or inorganic and discuss WHY C 6 H 12 O 6 - Glucose Na. Cl-Sodium Chloride Fe. SO 4 - Iron Sulfide H 2 O-water CH 4 -Methane

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are sugars (sugar, bread, pasta ) Contain elements C, H, O (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen) in a 1: 2: 1 ratio

Carbohydrate monomer and polymer names • Monosaccharide (one) • Disaccharides (two) • Polysaccharides (many) Carbohydrate polymers are connected by covalent bonds

Carbohydrate Structure Imagine carbohydrate as a Ring Pop Disaccharide

Carbohydrate Structure Some carbohydrates are hexagons Glucose are pentagons Fructose All carbohydrates end in -ose Galactose Deoxyribose Ribose

Carbohydrate - Functions 1. Short-term energy storage 2. Quick-release energy

Carbohydrates-Examples • Sugars – glucose (monomer), fructose, sucrose • Glycogen (polymer) is glucose sugar storage in animals • Starch (polymer) is glucose sugar storage in plants • Cellulose – structure of plant cell walls

Carbohydrates – How do we test for it in food? 1. Iodine (also known as Lugol’s solution) • Tests for presence of starch • Positive result is blue/black color

Carbohydrates – How do we test for it in food? 2. Benedict’s solution • Tests for the presence of monosaccharides • Positive result is change from blue to orange

Carbohydrates… think about it! • Starch is a series of 300 – 1, 000 glucose monomers connected together • Glycogen is a series of 120, 000 glucose monomers connected together QUESTION - If you switched the order of the monomers, would the carbohydrate polymer be affected? Why or why not?

There are four major groups of polymers or Biomolecules that makes up every living thing. Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid

Lipids

Lipids are fats (fats, oil, wax ) Contains elements C, H, O (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen) Monomer: Fatty Acid; Fatty acid Triglyceride Lipids are connected by covalent bonds

Saturated vs. unsaturated fats I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules Do you notice any difference?

Saturated vs. unsaturated Fat Saturated fat= butter (solid at room temp) Unsaturated fat= oil (liquid at room temp) I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules

Lipid Structure Triglyceride-looks like a comb or letter E

Lipid Structure Phospholipid-looks like a head with legs

Lipid Structure Cholesterol-three hexagons and a doghouse

Lipids- Function • Insulation: store body heat • Protection: cell membranes • Long-term energy storage

Lipids… Think about it! What do lipids and carbohydrates have in common? How are lipids and carbohydrates different?

Lipids-Examples • Fats • Oils • Waxes • Steroids (hormones) • Cholesterol

Lipids – How do we test for it in food? • Brown paper test • Positive result is see thru paper

THINK and discuss with your table Food for thought… 1. The PAM food company claimed that their product is “Fat Free”. Do you agree with their advertisement? Please explain your answer. (Use the food label to help you) 2. Which biomolecules do you see on this product?

Protein

Proteins (Eggs, beans, meat, Enzymes) • Contains elements C, H, O, N, & sometimes S (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur) • Monomer: Amino Acid

Protein Structure Think of protein as sausage links Amino Acid

Protein Structure • Amino acids (monomers) are connected by peptide bonds to make protein (polymer) • Protein is also known as a polypeptide

There are 20 different kinds of Amino Acids (due to change in R-group)

Protein-Functions 1. Build and repair tissues (bones and muscles) 2. Controls rate of chemical reactions in cells (catalysts/enzymes) 3. Transport substances in & out of the cell (hemoglobin) 4. Help fight disease (antibodies)

Protein- Examples • Enzymes - End in “ase” • Hemoglobin (transports oxygen) • Antibodies

Protein- How do we test for it in food? • Biuret’s reagent • Positive result is blue-violet color

Proteins… think about it! If you switched the order of the monomers in a polypeptide and a polysaccharide, which one would be more greatly affected?

Nucleic Acid

Nucleic Acid (DNA, RNA) • Contains elements C, H, O, N, P (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous) • Monomer = Nucleotide

Nucleotide components • Phosphate • Nitrogen Base • Sugar “Peanut Butter Sandwich”

Nucleic Acids are like stair steps Nucleotide

There are 5 different nitrogen bases

Examples of Nucleic Acids DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA - Ribonucleic Acid ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate

Nucleic Acids DNA contains covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds

Nucleic Acid- Function • Store and transmit genetic information • Instructions to make protein

Exit Ticket: Lets compare • On the back of your paper create a venn diagram. biomolecules similarities • Choose 2 biomolecules to compare and contrast their structure and function. • Include drawings along with written descriptions about the two biomolecules. • Be sure to include their similarities in the center of the venn diagram.

Checking for understanding

Carbohydrates are polymers made up of smaller subunits called Monosaccharides A. True B. False I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules

Carbohydrates contain C, H, and O, and they are the body’s first source of energy. A. True B. False I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules

The structure of a lipid resembles the letter “Z” A. True B. False I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules

The Monomer of a lipid contains 1 fatty acid and 3 glycerol chains and is the body’s prime source of energy. A. True B. False I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules

Based on the chart above, food sample D is most likely to be A. B. C. D. Orange juice Pasta Butter Scrambled eggs I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules

Based on the chart, Steak could most likely be found in A. B. C. D. food sample A food sample B food sample C food sample D I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules

Proteins are composed of Amino Acids linked together, similar to a string of beads. A. True B. False I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules

Proteins have several functions in the body, including structure and regulation. A. True B. False I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules

The structure of DNA is often called a triple Helix A. True B. False I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules

Nucleic acids are large polymers composed of smaller units called nucleotides A. True B. False I will compare the structure and function of biomolecules