Warm Up u Pick up the Scientific Revolution

Warm Up u Pick up the Scientific Revolution Review sheet off of my desk and get out homework. u When you finish …… think about the following questions 1. What are 5 characteristics of a good leader 2. What are 5 characteristics of a bad leader 3. Do you think a leader should have complete power (absolute power) over an entire country? Why or Why not? 4. Does President Obama have absolute power?

Warm Up 1. 2. 3. 4. List 5 characteristics of a good leader List 5 characteristics of a bad leader Do you think a leader should have complete power (absolute power) over an entire country? Why or Why not? Does President Obama have absolute power?

Warm Up – u Skim pages 133 -155 and answer these questions: Write question and answer 1. What is an absolute monarch? 2. What country was Louis XIV the absolute monarch of? 3. What country was Frederick the Great the absolute monarch of? 4. What country was Peter the Great the absolute monarch of? How did he help this country? 5. What palace did Louis live in ?

The Age of Absolutism

The Theory of Absolutism u u European monarchs tried to claim the authority to rule without limits Goal- to control all aspects of society Divine Right- the idea that God created the monarchy and the monarchy acted as God’s representative on Earth Answered only to God, not to the people

What else was happening in Europe u u u A rise of cites A rise in Middle Class merchants…… which usually backed monarchies Monarchs use their wealthy colonies to pay for their ambitions- Mercantilism Church authority broke down, the Reformation and 30 years war occurred Religious and territorial disputes between states led to almost constant warfare Some people wanted a strong leader to guide them through all the problems and changes taking place

Review Questions 1. What did Absolute Monarchs believe? 2. What is divine Right? 3. What did absolute monarchs control?

France And Louis XIV u

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Louis XIV u u u “I am the State” Call me the “Sun King” because all that is good radiates from me How Louis gained Absolute Power – 1. Weaken the power of nobles, so that nobody could threaten his power • Kept his enemies close. They worked at his palace – 2. Increased the power of government workers, but watched them closely

3. Hired Jean Baptiste Colbert as Minster of Finance. He tried to make France Selfsufficient using Mercantilism. People loved Colbert, because he greatly improved the economy 1. Wanted France to make all its own goods 2. Placed high tariffs on goods from other countries 3. Encouraged people to move to France's colonies to help export more raw materials to France 4. Fur trade from the Americas added money for France

Louis Grand Style u 1. Louis surrounded himself with the finest of items Do not write • Each meal was a feast with over 500 cooks • Louis was awaken everyday at 7: 30 and outside stood 100 nobles all waiting to help him dress, however, only 4 were given the honor of getting him his slippers

The Palace of Versailles u 2. He built a huge palace, The Palace of Versailles, 11 miles outside of Paris – 15, 000 acres of gardens – 1, 400 fountains – 36, 000 laborers – 6, 000 horses – 2, 000 rooms – 2 billion dollars

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Louis' Downfall u 1. Under Louis, France was the most powerful country in Europe with nearly 20 million people, but he made some fatal flaws • After Baptiste died Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes. Many skilled protestant artisans and businessmen fled to other countries , thus robbing France of many skilled workers • In a series of wars France tried to increase its boundaries. He won a couple territories. However, a European alliance, was formed against France and Louis was stopped.

Louis's Downfall • France was also weekend by a series of bad harvests, and high taxes imposed to support the cost of war • France was forced to give Britain its North American territories after they lost the Seven Years War

Questions u How did Louis make sure he kept his power? u Where did Louis live? u How did Louis XIV bring disaster to France?

Prussia and Frederick the Great

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Prussia 1. Prussia was a new state to the north of Austria 2. It will later form part of Germany 3. Prussia rose to power in late 1600 s 4. Like the Hapsburgs of Austria, Prussia’s ruling family the Hohenzollerns had big dreams

Frederick the Great 5. Frederick William created a society based on a strong military and paid for it with mandatory taxation. Want to avoid another major war, like the 30 Year War 6. Frederick The Great followed in his father’s footsteps and maintained a strong military society

Questions Who was the greatest monarch for Prussia? u 2. What was Prussia’s society based on? u 1.

Russia And Peter the Great

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Background – Do not write u u u Ivan IV, called Ivan the Terrible was Russia’s first Czar Good- gained territory, and developed a code of laws He was constantly fighting with the boyars, or landowning BAD- His wife was murdered and to avenge her death he hunted down anyone he thought was a traitor and killed them, usually the boyars “Secret Police” killed thousands After Ivan, Russia fell into a period of turmoil Russia needed a strong leader

Peter the Great 1. Peter took the throne in 1696 - Russia was still a land of serfs and boyars- very underdeveloped 2. Russia was cut off from Western Europe and new advancements – Mongols kept them isolated during the Renaissance and Age of Exploration – Geographic barriers isolated Russia-ICE – Religious differences separated them- Russia was Eastern Orthodox

Peter the Great 3. Peter visits Western Europe and finds – New inventions and tools – Ships and exploration – Peter believed Russia needed a warm water port to help modernize the country

Peter the Great 4. Peter’s main goal- westernize Russia 5. Peter believed he needed absolute control to help westernize the country

How He Westernized Russia 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Brought the Eastern Orthodox church under his control took power away from landowners Modernized the army with western weapons and tactics New army meant taxes for all Introduced potatoes Started a newspaper Increased women’s rights Ordered nobles to wear western fashions Building a new Capital- Saint Petersburg

Peter the Great Peter created a new capital 1. Peter went to war with Sweden to gain control of the Baltic Coast, after 21 years he won. 2. He built Saint Petersburg on the formally owned Swedish land. 3. 25, 000 to 100, 000 people died while making the new capital 4. Saint Petersburg’s location on a warm water port allowed Russia to trade year round

Questions u u u 1. Who was Russia’s greatest monarch? Why was Russia Isolated? How did Peter help westernize Russia?

Warm up- page 70 u Draw a detailed symbol for absolutism and one for the ideas of the enlightenment

Warm Up u Page 47 -49 - create a caricature for each of the absolute monarchs • Louis XIV-47 • Frederick the Great-48 • Peter the Great -49

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Neat- straight lines, neat writing…. Title for each drawling A background with important pieces labeled. Incorporate major parts from the notes- atleast 5 THIS WILL BE GRADED

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Warm up u. Get your poster. You have 10 mins to complete your presentations. u For your presentation, be able to answer the following questions • What 3 things make your country the best country to live in? • Why is your monarch the best? 2 reasons

England Parliament Vs. Monarchy

Background u u Henry II- 1154 -1189 – Jury Trial – “Common Law”- a single legal system “common” to the whole country King John- 1215 - very unpopular – Magna Carta – guarantees people certain political rights – Put limits on the monarchy – Due Process- king could not unfairly punish the people – Not taxation without consent of the parliament

u u u Background During Queen Elizabeth’s reign she had frequent conflicts with the parliament Parliament- law making body, also handed out the money Rulers saw the parliament’s financial power as an obstacle to becoming an absolute monarchs

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is parliament? Why didn’t absolute monarchs like parliament? What is common law? What is the Magna Carta? What is Due Process?

King James u After Elizabeth James became king u James believed he had absolute authority to rule and did not need the consent of the parliament u Parliament was reluctant to pay for James’s expensive court and foreign wars u Died in 1625 - his son Charles took the throne

u u u Charles I Charles always needed money to fight wars in both Spain and France Several times when Parliament refused to give him money he got rid of parliament In 1628, Charles was forced to sign the Petition of Rights • He would not imprison subjects without cause • He would not levy taxes without the consent of the Parliament • He would not house soldiers in private homes

Petition of Rights u After agreeing to it, Charles ignored it. B/C it aimed to take way some of his divine absolute powers

1. 2. Were King James and Charles I absolute monarchs? Why was the Petition of Rights signed?

Charles I Continued u u IN 1629 Charles did away with the Parliament permanently and in order to raise money he taxed his people heavily His popularity decreased and a Civil War occurred

u From English Civil War 1642 to 1649 –supporters and opponents of King Charles fought u Supporters of King Charles = Royalists or Cavaliers u Opponents- were called Puritans and were loyal to the Parliament

English Civil War u In 1644 the war was at a stand still until the Puritans named a new general , Oliver Cromwell u 1646 - Cromwell captures Charles and tried him with treason and executed him u *** The first time a king was tried in public and executed

u u Cromwell Rules At First- Cromwell abolishes the monarch and establishes a republican form of government Then…………. . He says screw it and establishes a military dictatorship

1. 2. 3. Why was the Civil War fought? What was the name for people who supported King Charles? What was the name for people who opposed Kin Charles?

Restoration u u In 1658 Cromwell died and his government collapsed, parliament was restored and Charles II was asked to rule Charles II reign is known as a restoration because he restored the monarchy

Restoration u He passed the Habeas Corpus- criminals were now brought before a judge and then it was decided if they were going to be tried—not by a monarch u Charles had no son, so a dispute evolved over who should rule next

u u u Restoration Supported Charles Catholic brother James- Called Tories Opposed James- Whigs * First time political parties arose

1. 2. 3. 4. What did Charles II restore? Who killed Charles I? Who was the Habeas Corpus passed? What were the first political parities?

Glorious Revolution u u James II became King and flaunted his Catholicism. 1 st- Put Catholics in office 2 nd- Dissolved Parliament when they spoke out 3 rd- had a son, people feared it would created a catholic dynasty

u James Glorious Revolution had an older daughter named Mary, who was a protestant. Mary was married to William and they were asked by Parliament to overthrow James. u The overthrowing of James is referred to as the Glorious Revolution

Political Changes u 1 st- William and Mary recognized Parliaments power, creating a constitutional monarchy, where laws limit the power of the monarchy

u 2 nd- Bill of Rights- to help define the limits placed on royal power 1. No suspending of Parliament’s laws 2. NO levying taxes without permission from Parliament 3. Free Speech

u u u 3 rd- Cabinet system developed To avoid a standstill between parliament and the monarch they created a 3 rd branch Cabinet- policy making and is headed by the Prime Minister

u Why was the Glorious Revolution, glorious? u Who came during the Glorious Revolution? u Why was the Bill of Rights important? u What was the Cabinet and why was it important?