Warm Up p 2117 If you could choose

Warm Up p 2/1/17 If you could choose one thing to symbolize America, what would you choose and why?

Unit 1 Civilizations of Americas

Theories of Settlement p Earliest Settlers of the Americas*: n Migrated around 12, 00010, 000 years ago n End of The Ice Age p ~ 10, 000 years ago n Came Across the Bering Straight* p Frozen Land Bridge* p B/w Siberia & Alaska p Hunters § Following Animals p Hidden ice after melting of

Another theory of settlement…… p Recent Theory n Paddled Small Boats n Northeast Asia n To the Northwest coast Neither theory has been proven - Dates based on evidence found on prehistoric sites

New Environments p Faced numerous climates and terrains p Climate: n n p varied throughout frigid to sweltering heat Terrain n Icy Treeless- North n Hot, Rainforest - Equator n Deserts- Chile n Woodlands- North

Neolithic Revolution p Neolithic Revolution Causes Great Change* p p Domesticate plants and animals n Population increases* n Creates the first permanent settlements Range of Crops: n n n Beans Sweet Potatoes Peppers Squash Corn p Maize- Native American name for corn*

Mayan Civilization p Maya* n Location: p Yucatan Peninsula* § Southern Mexico § Central America

Mayans p Agriculture: n Farming*: p p slash & burn* using floodwaters & irrigation

Mayans p City- States*: (no empire) n Small- governed their people n Large- governed neighbors p Structured Society: n Ruler at the top n Some women held power n Majority of people farmed

Mayans p Culture n Stela – sculpted stone monuments* § Nobles, warriors, rulers § Mayan Gods p Math & Astronomy n n First to use Zero 365 day calendar

Mayans p Theories of Decline n n p Warfare Overpopulation – Over-farming – Exhaust soil Survive Spanish exploration n ~ 2 million live in Guatemala today

Aztecs p Aztec* n Location: p Valley of Mexico* § Central Mexico Separate tribes* Tribes spoke one language* p p p Legendary birthplace- Aztlan (Aztecs)

Aztec p Capitol: n Tenochtitlan p p Present day Mexico City “Inventive” n Built capital in a swamp* n Connected by causeways n Used Chinampas “Floating Gardens”* p Artificial islands

Aztecs p Society: n Warrior society* n Military p p Required tribute – payment from those conquered* Structure: n King – leader (War) n Priests n Nobles n Middle Class n Farmers- Serfs. Slaves (POW)

Aztecs Religion & Advances: p Polytheistic* n p Quetzalcoatl- serpent god- creator Teotihuacán*- religious center* n Pyramids and temples n Human sacrifice - POW n Writing (hieroglyphs), math, 365 calendar

Warm Up p 2/2/2017 List 3 Mesoamerican Civilizations n n n _________

Inca p Located in SE Peru – 12 th Century n Inca* p Formed on Western Coast p Andean Region* n Andes Mountains p 12 million inhabitants

Inca* p p Capital: Cuzco From Ecuador to Chile n Andes Mountains*

Inca n Sapa Inca Emperor p Divine – son of the sun p Religious leader p n n n Nobles – govern provinces Officials – carry out laws Peasants

Inca: Advances p p Quipo* n Colored strings knotted to represent various numbers: record keeping* Road System n 14, 000 miles n Runners and army n Ordinary people restricted

Inca p Inca n Life: Ayllu – village leader; carried out government orders p Assign jobs, arrange marriages n Build terraces p farming n Metalworking, weaving, surgery

Inca p Agricultural System n p Corn (maize), potato, squash, llamas, alpacas, and dogs Religion n Polytheistic p n Related to nature Inti Chief God p Sun God p p Decline p p Civil war Arrival of Spanish invaders