WARM UP http www youtube comwatch vAt Cxl

WARM UP http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=At. Cxl 9 le. Y Q 4 Think about what other movies you have seen that are set in this time period.

European Middle Ages 500 - 1200

New Invasions Trouble Western Europe • Attacks from Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims caused widespread disorder & suffering across Europe.

Vikings • • • Germanic people from Scandinavia called Northmen or Norsemen Traders, farmers, explorers, warriors Quick raids & back to sea – Before the local troops could attack • Warships were long holding 300 warriors at 20 tons – Could sail in shallow waters • Up rivers & creeks – Journeyed toward Russia, Constantinople, & Western Europe • • Believed Leif Ericson reached North America in 1000 Acceptance of Christianity & shift to warmer climates in Scandinavia ended the need for Viking raids

Magyars • Nomadic • Attacked Europe from the East • Superb horseback riders • Never settled in conquered land – Just captured people to sell as slaves

Muslims • Attacked Europe from South • Got control of the Mediterranean Sea – Disrupted trade

Role of the Church VOCABULARY • Monastery – religious community • Secular – “worldly” • Clergy – religious officials of the church

Charglemane http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=c. TTa. Vn. Z y. G 2 g Takes control of Frank kingdom - Reunites Europe - Spreads Christianity - Encroauges learning

Feudalism in Europe • Feudalism – a political and military system of protective alliances and relationships based on land ownership and personal loyalty • Landowners (Lords) granted land (fiefs) to a vassal, a person receiving the land

Feudalism

Feudalism • King – Most powerful vassals • Church officials/bishops • Nobles – Knights (will defend the lord’s land for fiefs) » Peasants or serfs (will work the land for food)

3 Social Classes • 1) Nobles & Knights – Those who fought • 2) Men & Women of the Church/Clergy – Those who prayed • 3) Peasants & Serfs – Those who worked

Serfs • Not slaves – Can’t be bought nor sold • • Could not lawfully leave the place where they were born Majority of the population Paid high taxes for grain & use of land Paid a tithe, church tax – 1/10 of income • Believed that God determined a person’s place in society – Like most Christians during Medieval times • • • Hardly traveled 25 miles from their manor Gave a few days labor each week & portion of the grain to the lord Women shared the farmwork with her husband

Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism • Manor – Lord’s estate – Self-sufficient community – Lords provided serfs with housing, strips of farmland, and protection from bandits – In return, serfs tended the lord’s lands, cared for his animals, and performed other tasks to maintain the estate

The Age of Chivalry • Feudal lords raised private armies to defend their territories • Knights received land for their services

Knights • Inventions from the Mongols & India kept warriors on the horse – Saddle & stirrups • Normally fought 40 days a year in battle for their lord • Rest of the time, they trained for battle

Page • At age 7, young nobles were sent to a castle of another lord to learn – Courtly manners by waiting on his host – War strategies by playing chess – Fighting skills by practicing sword fighting

Squire • Around age 14, the page was raised to a squire – Acts as a servant of a knight • Takes care of the knight’s armor, weapons, & warhorse • Escorts the knight to battles

Knight • Around age 21, a squire becomes a knight

Knights • Knights live by the code of chivalry – Should display loyalty, bravery, & courteousness to all – Cowards = public shame • Knights entered tournaments to gain war skills, recognition, glory, & money – Jousting – Tournaments were never like the real battles

The Literature of Chivalry • People glorified Knights – Literature often depicted a knight’s undying love for a lady far away • Poems • Songs – Troubadour • Poet-musician – The most celebrated lady of the times was Eleanor of Aquitaine for her beauty and purity – http: //www. youtube. com/wa tch? v=ys. U_ez. DYt 8 A

How to be Chivalrous http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=_IIw S 6 Xgz. R 4

Medieval Warfare

Siege Tower • Had a platform on top that lowered like a drawbridge • Could support weapons and soldiers

Battering Ram • Made of heavy timber with a sharp metal tip • Swung like a pendulum to crack castle walls or to knock down drawbridge

Trebuchet • Worked like a giant slingshot • Propelled objects up to a distance of 980 feet • Propelled boulders, severed human heads, captured soldiers, diseased cows, dead horses, pots of boiling lime

Tortoise • Moved slowly on wheels • Sheltered soldiers from falling arrows

Mangonel • Flung huge rocks that crashed into castle walls • Propelled objects up to 1, 300 feet

Mantlet • shielded soldiers like a wall

The Shifting Role of Women • The status of women declined during the Middle Ages to staying at home – Bearing children, taking care of the family, & household chores • Noblewomen could inherit an estate from her husband – When the husband was away fighting, the lady of the castle acted as a military commander & warrior • Lords passed down their fiefs to their sons, not their daughters – Tried to marry their daughters to someone else with land

Church Gains Power • Canon Law – ALL WERE SUBJECT! – Church rules everything! - Rituals hold the power to salvation – Only clergy can administer - German-Italian Empire = Holy Roman Empire

Church Power • Lay Investiture – Power to the kings & nobles • Concordat of Worms – Power to the church officials