Warm Up Describe in your own words what

Warm Up Describe in your own words what material “make up” living things.

Biochemistry Chemical Compounds and Living Things

Elements of Life • 96% of your body consist of the following elements: – Carbon – Hydrogen – Oxygen – Nitrogen • 3% - P, S, Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Cl • 1%- trace elements

Organic vs. Inorganic • Organic – Contains carbon – Living or once lived – Examples- wood, grass, humans, dinosaurs, diamonds, petroleum • Inorganic – Does not contain carbon – Nonliving – Examples- oxygen, metals, rocks, water

Polymerization • Monomer- a monomer is the building block molecule of a polymer. It is one unit of a compound. • For example- amino acids are the monomers for proteins, each train car are linked together to form a whole train

Polymer • A large molecule made up of many identical monomers. • Condensation reaction: joining monomers by releasing water. • Hydrolysis: adding water to break a polymer down.

Macromolecules/ Compounds of Life • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic acids

Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates- produce the bodies quick energy – Monomer: Sugars • Ex. sucrose, fructose and glucose – Starches- long chain of simple sugars. • Ex. -bread, rice, corn, pasta, cereal – Cellulose- long, twisted chain of sugars. Not digestible by humans – Chitin- long chain of twisted hard cellulose found in the exoskeleton of invertebrates

Lipids • Function: Stored energy • Monomer: 3 fatty acids attached to 1 glycerol chain • Hydrophobic- don’t dissolve in water • Examples: Lard, butter, veggie oil, hormones, steroids • Saturated fat • Usually solid at room temperature • Most animal fats – Unsaturated fat • Usually liquid at room temperature • Most plant fats

Proteins • Made of amino acids • Proteins have many functions in the body including: – Support structures (cell membrane) – Transport Substances (hemoglobin carries oxygen) – Defense (antibodies) – Speed Reactions (ENZYMES!) – Muscles, Skin, and hair are proteins!

• • • Nucleic Acids Store and transmit genetic information Monomers: Nucleotides Two types of Nucleic Acids: Acids – DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) • Controls cell activity • Passed from generation to generation • Found in the nucleus (Euk), Cytoplasm Prok. • RNA (ribonucleic acid) – Functions in actual synthesis of proteins • Both will be discussed further in genetics unit