Warm up 7 How did the Byzantine Empire

Warm up 7 How did the Byzantine Empire form?

http: //www. istanbulguide. net/istguide/im/divers/hipodrome. jpg Hippodrome

Originally the Eastern Roman Empire Roman Emperor Constantine moved the Roman Empire Capital to Byzantine, renaming the city as Constantinople Vital trade link between Europe and Asia Constantinople is surrounded by water on three sides Blended Greek, Roman and Christian cultures http: //images. encarta. msn. com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/mhi/T 013258 A. gif http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Byzantine_Constantinople_eng. png

Emperor Justinian 527 -565 CE Expanded the empire into parts of Africa, Italy and Spain http: //dox. media 2. org/barista/archives/hagia. jpg Beautified the city by constructing buildings and monuments Such as Hagia Sophia, Church Best remembered for the code of laws —Justinian’s Codes Established himself as an Autocrat- Sole ruler with complete authority Hagia Sofia Church http: //crusades. boisestate. edu/pics/Constantinople/Hagia%20 Sophia%20 west%20 view. jpg

http: //photos 1. blogger. com/img/146/5498/640/theodora. jpg Justinian’s wife, Theodora Very powerful as she co-ruled the empire Byzantine created powerful military. New weapon called Greek Fire– liquid substance which ignited on contact and couldn’t be put out by water. Upon Theodora death in 548, the glorious years of the Byzantine Empire ended, even though Justinian ruled for 17 more years http: //www. newgenevacenter. org/portrait/justinian-i. jpg http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/f/f 7/Greekfire-madridskylitzes 1. jpg

Arab Invaders • Byzantine Empire acted like a buffer between the Muslims and Europeans • Even though much of the Mediterranean world fell to the Muslim armies, the Byzantine Empire remained strong for several years http: //www. bow. k 12. nh. us/Cyber. BUS/Maps%20 of%20 the%20 MIddle%20 Ages/declinebyzantine. jpg

Warm up 8 Why do you think, People gave Ivan IV the nickname, “Ivan the Terrible”?

Disputes over Christianity • Schism—split occurred in 1054 • Roman Catholic-West • Greek Orthodox-East • Byzantines establishes the Greek Orthodox Church • Basic differences • Catholics—Led by Pope who absolute authority over all Bishops • Mary was conceived and born without sin • Priests cannot get married • Orthodox– Led by Patriarch and relied on a synod, a council, to make decision. • Mary was created by sin, but resisted sin her whole life • Priest can get married http: //www. byzantines. net/byzcathculture/images/patriarch_bartholomew 1. jpg

Seljuks invaded and controlled most of the Byzantine Empire in 1071 Constantinople was recapture by the Byzantines in the 1260’s (Emperor Basil II) Ottomans forces defeated the Byzantines in 1453 and it will wipe the empire off the map http: //www. dartmouth. edu/~gov 46/ottoman-empire-1580. gif

Russian Geography Regions that shaped early Russia Northern Region Lumber, fur Fertile Land Region Farmers Steppe Region Pastures, Migration of people Network of Rivers Transported people and goods http: //www. libarts. ucok. edu/history/faculty/plaks/MAPS/Russ_Topography 01. jpg

City-State Kiev formed • Slavics, from the Balkans, • Varangians (Vikings) • Traded mainly with Constantinople Byzantine Influence • Converted to Byzantine Religion (Greek Orthodox) Autocratic Rule http: //www. vikinganswerlady. com/graphics/Varangian. Trade. Routes. gif http: //www. marcad. com/travel/Russia/Red%20 Square%20 Orthodox%20 Church, %20 Moscow_small. jpg

Golden Age of Kiev • Issued written code to improve justice • Translated religious text into Slavic language Reasons Kiev Fades • Yaroslav dies • Byzantine Empire faded (lack of trading) Invaders from the East would conquer Kiev http: //www. ukraine-alberta. com. ua/img/ph_fp_51. jpg

Mongolian Conquest http: //www. lacma. org/khan/images/mongolmap. jpg

Mongols • Under Genghis Khan 1200 s conquered most of Central Europe • Mongolian Army known as the Golden Horde http: //images. encarta. msn. com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t 011/T 011555 A. jsm • Batu, Khan’s Grandson invades Russia in 1241 • Looted and burned towns • Killed many • Ruled Russia for next 240 years http: //www. miniatures. de/img/ancients-4/italeri-6020 -golden-horde. jpg

Mongolian power declines • The Russian Orthodox Church makes Moscow the capital • Moscow rallied other Russians to defeat the Mongols • 1380 at the Battle of Kulikovo the Russians defeat the Mongols http: //www. mnsu. edu/emuseum/history/russia/images/ivangreat. jpg New Rulers • Ivan III or Ivan the Great • Brought much of Northern Russia under his control • Became absolute ruler • Took title of Czar, which means Caesar in Russian

Ivan IV, “Ivan the Terrible” • Grandson of Ivan the Great, took over in 1547 • Further centralized royal power • Endorsed feudal system • Eventually became unstable • Trusted no on • Killed own son • Formed Oprichniki, agents of terror, who enforced the czar’s will http: //www. russianartgallery. org/famous/images/vasnet-ivan. jpg http: //www. 1 st-art-gallery. com/thumbnail/123618/1/Ivan-The-Terrible-And-His-Son-Ivan-On-November-16, -1581. jpg http: //1. bp. blogspot. com/-WHd 3 Gq. LBqt. Y/Tx. Hp. D_p 2 pr. I/AAAABOc/H-fs. Yx. KW 4 Lg/s 1600/oprichniki%2 Briding%2 Bhorse. jpg

Warm up 9 Roman Catholics Eastern Orthodox 1. Mary was born without sin 2. Priests cannot get married 3. Christian Religion 4. Believe in Jesus 5. Priests can get married 6. Mary was created through sin 7. Pope is the head of church 8. Have priests and bishops 9. Patriarch is head of Church 10. Read the Bible

• Ivan the Terrible dies in 1584 • Michael Romanov follows • Voted by clergy, nobles and townsmen • Romanov Family will rule Russia until 1917 http: //www. absolutism-n-constitutionalism. freehomepage. com/images/mromanov. jpg

Geography of Eastern Europe • Cold climate near Baltic • Warm climate near Mediterranean • Much of the region is a plain • Rivers used for transportation • Vistula • Danube • Baltic Peninsula • Mountainous region

Ethnic Groups- Large group of people who share the same language and cultural heritage Balkan Peninsula • Slavs (from central Russia) • Asians • Huns • Magyars • Germanic Tribes http: //www. edendevelopments. co. uk/Gallery/Map%20 -%20 Balkan%20 peninsula. jpg • Vikings

Influence of the Balkan Peninsula (Religion) • Byzantine Empire—Greek Orthodox (Red) • Roman Catholic Missionaries (Blue) • Ottomans-Islam (Green) http: //www. oprev. org/Intel/Balkans. Intel. jpg

Migration of Jews • Being persecuted by Western Christians • Black Death • Crusades • Spanish Inquisition • Jews migrated to Poland in 1300 s http: //www. routledge. com/textbooks/0415236614/resources/map 37. jpg

Three Early Kingdoms • Poland • Weak central gov’t • Eventually gobbled up • Hungary • Magyars ruled • Golden Bull of 1222 gave more power to nobles • Conquered by Mongols • Serbia • Ottomans defeated the Serbs at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 http: //media. maps. com/magellan/Images/WRLH 039 -H. gif

Warm Up #10 1. What was the first Russian City-State? 2. KIEV What religion did the Byzantine Empire/Russia practice? EASTERN ORTHODOX 3. What were the leaders of Russia called? CZAR 4. Which group finally conquered the Byzantines in 1453? OTTOMANS 5. Which group did the Russian finally defeat in 1380 and Ivan the Great became Czar? MONGOLIANS