War on Terrorism War in Iraq Nairobi Kenya

War on Terrorism War in Iraq

Nairobi, Kenya 212 people killed 4, 000 wounded Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 11 people killed 85 wounded

USS Cole 17 Sailors Killed 39 Wounded

Al Qaeda Network of Islamic Extremists Leader – Osama Bin Laden Angry at: n U. S. military occupation of the Middle East n U. S. aggression against the Iraqi people n U. S. support of Israel "Terrorism against America deserves to be praised because it was a response to injustice, aimed at forcing America to stop its support for Israel, which kills our people. ”

September 11 19 Terrorists hijacked 4 commercial planes 8: 50 am – American Airlines Flight 11 crashes into Tower One of the World Trade Center 9: 04 am – United Airlines Flight 175 crashes in to Tower Two of the WTC 9: 37 am - American Airlines Flight 77 crashes into the Pentagon 10: 03 am - United Flight 93 crashes into a field in Pennsylvania Flight Interactive - http: //www. cnn. com/SPECIALS/2001/trade. center/map. html Highjackers Interactive http: //topics. nytimes. com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/s/sept_11_2001/attacks/index. htm l http: //www. cnn. com/SPECIALS/2001/trade. center/multimedia. day. html

September 11, 2001 Number of dead: 2, 992 World Trade Center: 2, 759 (includes 10 hijackers and 157 passengers and crew members) Pentagon: 125 (includes 5 hijackers and 59 passengers and crew members) Flight 93: 44 (includes 4 hijackers) First responders killed at the World Trade Center: New York Police Department: 23 Fire Department of New York: 343 Port Authority Police: 37 Emergency Medical Service: 3

What was the response of the U. S. government following this attack? President’s Comments http: //www. whitehouse. gov/september 11/ Coalition Map http: //www. cnn. com/SPECIALS/2001/trade. center/coalition. maps/ n Homeland Security Act – 2002 – created Department of Homeland Security n USA Patriot Act - Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001

War on Terrorism September 11, 2001 – terrorist attacks on United States blamed on Al Qaeda n terrorist network led by Osama bin Laden n Mission: wage holy war on enemies of Arabs and/or Muslims n hates United States for involvement in Middle East, Desert Storm (Iraq), support of Israel n was operating out of Afghanistan at the time of 9/11 www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/interview. html

Osama Bin Laden Kicked out of Saudi Arabia Set up Al Qaeda training camps in Sudan kicked him out because of pressure from US and Saudi Arabia Went to Afghanistan Jihad An individual's striving for spiritual self-perfection or A Muslim holy war or spiritual struggle against infidels Has been twisted and used as a reason for waging wars against many Middle Eastern leaders by terrorists.

Afghanistan landlocked country -> making the export of goods difficult and expensive n rugged mountainous terrain n temperatures are extreme, as hot as 120° F in the summer and as cold as -15° F in the winter. n

What do these statistics tell us about life in Afghanistan? n n n n 1 in 4 children die before age of 5 Average life expectancy is 44 – 25 years less than Americans Only 6% of population has access to electricity Only 12% of women can read and write 67% of boys attend school, 14% of girls Products are opium, wheat, fruits, nuts, wool, mutton, sheepskins, lambskins. Life expectancy is 44. 65 years – US is 78. 49

Afghanistan 1979 -1989 Soviet attempted invasion n 1989 -1996 Civil War – Islamic fighters turned on one another n Note – During the Cold War, the U. S. spent $3 billion training and supplying Afghans fighting against the Soviet Union. Afterwards, we withdrew all support and left the country in ruins and chaos. In 1995 - the Taliban came to power, promising traditional, Islamic values came into power, installing an oppressive set of rules, including revoking many women’s rights. n

Taliban Rule n n n strict interpretation Islamic law executions and punishments television, music, and the Internet banned men required to wear beards girls forbidden to go to school women barred from working outside the home women were prohibited from leaving their home without a male relative.

The end of the Taliban? By October 7, 2001 - Taliban refused to give up Osama bin Laden. n U. S. began bombing Taliban military sites n By December 9, 2001 - Taliban was said to be defeated n The Taliban has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistan’s poorest people and aligning itself with warlords, al-Qaeda, and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters. http: //www. cnn. com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/04/03/ afghanistan. war. timeline/index. html

Current Situation in Afghanistan 2001=12 2002=48 2003=48 2004=52 2005=99 US Casualties 2006=98 2007=110 2008=155 2009=317 2010=499 2011=418 2012=302 Total = 2166 n Taliban and Al Qaeda have been removed from power, but still present in small pockets in the country. n They want the US and International Peacekeepers to leave Afghanistan. n Taliban-Al Qaeda alliance carries out suicide bombing and guerrilla-like attacks on our troops. http: //www. cnn. com/video/#/video/bestoftv/2012/12/14/exp-erin-11 -years-of-war-was-itworth-it. cnn

Iraq Diverse Ethnic Groups Arabs – 75 percent Kurds – 20 percent Religious Groups Shi'ite Muslims - 62 percent Sunnis Muslims - 35 percent Christians world's second-largest oil reserves

Saddam Hussein Came to power in 1979 Totalitarian Sunni Repressive to the Kurds and Shi’ites Used chemical weapons to subdue Kurdish population Human rights: Iraq had the world's worst record for known persons who have disappeared or remain unaccounted for, more than 16, 000 people.

Current Situation in Iraq 138 Americans died during invasion 4483 have died to date (Nov, 14) Civil War between Shi’ite and Sunnis wanting to get control Insurgent attacks target US led forces and Iraqi security forces seen as collaborators.

Operation Iraqi Freedom Invasion in March 2003 – U. S. led (40 other countries provided operational support) Saddam did not cooperate with U. N. inspectors searching for weapons of mass destruction Saddam was overthrown on April 9, 2003 Iraq army was disbanded – leaving many jobless U. S. led – provisional government put in place

Success in Iraq? ? Dec, 2003 Saddam captured May, 2004 – Bush makes speech declaring war a success “In the battle of Iraq, the United States and our allies have prevailed. ” Oct. 2005 – Iraqi vote adopt new constitution

Insurgency Former members of Saddam’s regime Al Qaeda Mission: get rid of U. S. led coalition forces How: convince the enemy's decision-makers their cause is ultimately too costly in blood, money and political capital to pursue Innocents often die in this kind of fighting, but that's what the insurgents want.

Map - Violence http: //news. bbc. co. uk/2/shared/spl /hi/in_depth/baghdad_navigator/

Civil War Shi’ite and Sunnis wanting to get control

Casualties http: //icasualties. org/oif/ http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/b ushswar/ http: //www. pbs. org/newshour/indepth_cove rage/middle_east/iraq/honorroll/map_flash. html

Why not pull out? ? n Send message to future enemies of the United States: Americans do not have the will to wage a successful counterinsurgency. n Bush administration's plan was to establish a large and competent-enough Iraqi force so that even if the insurgency has historical staying power, Iraqis can fight successful counterinsurgency.

Iraqi Poll on War For each question, answer the following: 1) What information does this question provide Americans about Iraqi people? 2) How have the numbers changed over time?

Review For Quiz

War in Iraq Saddam Hussein – was leader of Iraq from 1979 -2003 Was not cooperating with UN Nuclear weapons inspections US led invasion of Iraq – March 2003 May 1, 2003 – Invasion complete

• • • • Torah Friday Muhammad Saturday Bible Sunday Moses Church Synagogue Koran Jesus God Mosque

Religion of Islam n World’s second largest religion n The Qur’an is the holy guide to Islam. n Major aspects of the Islamic religion include testimony of faith, prayer, charity, fasting, pilgrimage. n “Covering” is a religious duty. Women can only have their faces and hands showing in public. Men must not expose anything from navel to knee.

Questions - Islam List and briefly describe Five Pillars of Islam. What are some of the rules that Muslims follow in their daily lives? List and briefly describe the different aspects of the roles of women in Islam:

Five Pillars of Islam Declaration of Faith – no other gods Prayer – brief prayer 5 times a day Charity – give to poor and needy Fasting – Ramadan Pilgrimage to Mecca – travel to Saudi Arabia once in lifetime

Daily Life of Muslims Prohibits things harmful to body (drugs, alcohol). Also, prohibits lying, stealing, cheating, etc. Clergy not above others Encourage sharing of their faith

Women and Islam Marriage: some arranged marriages, man takes financial responsibility Some polygamy - man must treat wives equally Family: important, extended family included Public life: educated, modesty should not affected Modesty – covering – varies from culture to culture Relationship between men and women: no sexual exchanges outside of marriage

http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/globalconnections /mideast/questions/women/#the_veil