War Between France and England I Introduction Four

War Between France and England

I. Introduction • Four wars erupted between Britain and France starting in the 17 th century • Each conflict extended to North America • France - focused on controlling Europe, while Britain was more interested in dominating a worldwide empire • The wars in North America, became known as the intercolonial wars

II. Major Losses for France Two of the four conflicts had major repercussions on North America 1. Treaty of Utrecht – 1713 • The 2 nd Conflict in Europe resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht • France surrendered part of Acadia, Hudson’s Bay and Newfoundland to Britain 2. Conquest of New France – 1760 • The 4 rth Conflict: Seven Years War in Europe resulted in the British conquest of New France in 1760

Treaty of Utrecht - 1713 • France loses Acadia, Hudson’s Bay and Newfoundland

III. Seven Years’ War 1756 -1763 • Last of the four conflicts • Clashes started between the French and English in the North America and extended worldwide • In North America this led to the War of the Conquest - 1760 (takeover) of New France

IV. The Conquest of New France 1760 (takeover) of New France A) Objects of the Conquest: In North America, England France were competing over: 1. Control of the fur trade 2. Territory (Hudson’s Baie/Rupert’s land, Acadia)

Rupert’s Land – Contested Territory French Territory: New France English Territory: 13 Colonies

B) Main events before the Conquest 1. Clashes started in the Ohio Valley Acadians: French people living in Acadia 2. Deportation of the Acadians - 1755: (now controlled by the British) • In 1755, the British deported 10 000 Acadians for two reasons: 1. English worried that the Acadians would side with the French in the war 2. To distribute the fertile land to British colonists • Some Acadians escaped deportation and fled to New France Ohio Valley

Why did some Acadians choose to flee to New France?

C) Main events of the War of the Conquest 1. 1756 – War officially begins 2. Capture of Louisbourg 1758 – key area for fishing is conquered by the British

3. 1759 - Battle of the Plains of Abraham • Pivotal battle in the British takeover of New France • General James Wolfe led British forces to the Plains of Abraham by water & caught the French by surprise • French Army led by General Louis-Joseph Montcalm attacked the British army and lost • The battle lasted 15 minutes and claimed the lives of many including the generals of both armies • City of Quebec capitulated shortly after the battle

Battle of the Plains of Abraham

Death of British General Wolfe

4. 1760 - The Conquest of New France • 1760 - Montreal surrendered shortly after and the British officially conquered New France 5. 1763 - Treaty of Paris • The Seven Years War is officially over and the Treaty of Paris is signed • All of North America was now under British rule, except for St. Pierre & Miquelon

D) Causes of the French Defeat French British Population Small population – 82, 000 Large population – 1. 6 million Navy Small Navy Large British Navy Soldiers 7, 000 soldiers 23, 000 soldiers large territory Small Territory 5 million pounds 80 million pounds Territory Budget

The War of the Conquest & The Seven Years War -Timeline 1756 – 1763 Seven Years War 1754 1755 1756 1758 Clashes in Ohio Valley Deportation of the Acadians 7 Years War Begins Capture of Louisbour g 1759 1760 Battle of the Plains of Abraha m Battle of St. Foy – The Conque st 1754 – 1760 War of Conquest 1763 Treaty of Paris -& Years War Ends