WAN Technologies Based on CCNA 4 v 3
WAN Technologies Based on CCNA 4 v 3. 1 Slides Compiled & modified by C. Pham © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1
Wide-area Networks (WANs) © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2
Metropolitan-Area Network (MANs) © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3
Path Determination © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4
Internetworking • Any internetwork must include the following: Consistent end-to-end addressing Addresses that represent network topologies Best path selection Dynamic or static routing Switching © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 5
Router: core of WAN technologies ©cisco • Routers send packets from one interface/network to another © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6
WAN Topology Star Topology Full-Mesh Topology Partial-Mesh Topology © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 7
Router Internal Components © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8
Router Internal Components © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 9
Internal Components of a 2600 Router © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 10
External Connections on a 2600 Router © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 11
Router External Connections © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 12
Computer or Terminal Console Connection © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 13
Modem Connection to Console or Auxiliary Port © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 14
WAN Technology © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 15
WAN Service Providers © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 16
Physical Layer: WANs © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 17
WAN Types © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 18
Router Serial WAN Connectors © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 19
DCE Serial Connections © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 20
WAN Line Types and Bandwidth © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 21
CSU/DSU © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 22
Modem Transmission © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 23
WAN Standards © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 24
WAN Encapsulation © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 25
WAN Data-Link Protocols © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 26
Circuit Switching © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 27
Packet Switching © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 28
WAN Link Options © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 29
WAN Link Options © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 30
Analog Dialup © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 31
ISDN © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 32
ISDN Router with standard serial interface, connected to a terminal adapter © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Router with native ISDN BRI U or S/T interface or PRI 33
Leased Line • Leased lines are not only used to provide direct point-to-point connections between Enterprise LANS, they can also be used to connect individual branches to a packet switched network. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 34
WAN with X. 25 • X. 25 provides a low bit rate, shared-variable capacity that may either be switched or permanent © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 35
Frame Relay • Most Frame Relay connections are based on PVCs rather than SVCs. • It implements no error or flow control. This leads to reduced latency. • Frame Relay provides permanent shared medium bandwidth connectivity that carries both voice and data traffic. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 36
ATM • Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a technology capable of transferring voice, video, and data through private and public networks. • It is built on a cell based architecture rather than on a frame-based architecture. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 37
DSL • DSL uses existing twisted-pair telephone lines to transport high-bandwidth data • DSL service is considered broadband, as it uses multiple frequencies within the same physical medium to transmit data © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 38
ADSL Technology Splitter • The local loop connects the splitter to the DSLAM • DSLAM connected to ISP using ATM technology • Voice and data use separate frequency ranges (voice 0 -4 Khz, data 20 Khx – 1 Mhz) © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 39
Cable Modem • Enhanced Cable Modems enable twoway. High speed data transmissions using the same coaxial lines that transmit cable television. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 40
Cable Data Network Architecture © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 41
Modern WAN © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 42
WANs Operate at the Lower Three Levels of the OSI Model © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 43
Comparing WAN Traffic Types © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 44
Steps In WAN Design © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 45
Three-Layer Design Model • The links connecting the various sites in an area that provide access to the enterprise network are called the access links or access layer of the WAN. • Traffic between areas is distributed by the distribution links, and is moved onto the core links for transfer to other regions, when necessary. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 46
Advantages of the Hierarchical Approach • Scalability: networks can grow without sacrificing control or manageability • Ease of Implementation: clear functionality at each layer • Ease of troubleshooting: Isolation of problems in the network is easier • Predicatability network modelling and caapacity plannng easier • Protocol Support: mixing current and future applications and protocols is easier • Manageability: all the above improve the manageability of the network © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 47
Internet for WAN Connectivity © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 48
One-Layer Hierarchy © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 49
Using the Internet as an Enterprise WAN • Enterprise WANs will have connections to the Internet. • This poses security problems but also provides an alternative for inter-branch traffic. • VPN technologies can solve security issues © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 50
TCP/IP Model © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 51
Encapsulation © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 52
Summary © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 53
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