WAN Networking Protocols WAN Connection Types PointtoPoint connection

WAN Networking Protocols WAN Connection Types • Point-to-Point connection • No setup before transmission • Up to 45 Mbs • Setup before transmission • Dial-up modems or ISDN • Low bandwidth • Share bandwidth • Frame Relay and X. 25 • 56 Kbps to 2. 048 Mps 1

WAN Networking Protocols High-Level Data-Link Control Protocol • HDLC specifies an encapsulation method for data on synchronous serial data links using frame characters and checksums. • Default encapsulation used by CISCO. • Everyone has its own proprietary HDLC. • If your are connecting a CISCO router with another type router, you must specify an encapsulation type (protocol). 2

WAN Networking Protocols PPP • PPP is an Internet standard protocol to provide point-to-point, router-to-router, and host-tohost connections. • It supports network layer protocols – IP – Novell IPX – Apple Talk • It can be used over several different physical interfaces – Asynchronous serial – ISDN synchronous serial – High-speed Serial Interface 3

WAN Networking Protocols Establishing PPP Communication • Communication process is established in three steps: – Link Establishment – Authentication • Password Authentication (PAP) • Challenge Authentication Protocol (CHAP) – Network Layer Protocol negotiation 4

WAN Networking Protocols Link Establishment and LCP • Link Control Protocol (LCP) is responsible to configure and test the link. • LCP packets can contain many different pieces of information such as: – Authentication – Link Quality Monitoring and Magic Number – Compression 5

WAN Networking Protocols Configuring PPP on Cisco Routers 6

WAN Networking Protocols Frame Relay CSU/DSU (channel service unit/ digital service unit) • Frame Relay provides connection-oriented, Data Link layer communication via virtual circuits. • ANSI defines Frame Relay as a connection between the data terminal equipment (DTE) and the data communication equipment (DCE) over high speed digital medium. • CSU/DSU is located at customer location and used for encoding, filtering, and translating communication to and from the digital line. 7

WAN Networking Protocols Frame Relay • Supports many protocols, IP, Novell IPX, Decnet, Apple. Talk, . . • Efficient and fast (56 Kps to 44. 736 Mbps) since it does not perform error checking. • Uses both permanent virtual circuits (PVC) and switched virtual circuits (SPC). • Virtual circuits are maintained by a software and multiplexed on onto physical channels. 8

WAN Networking Protocols Data Link Connection Identifiers (DLCI) • Frame Relay virtual circuits are identified by DLCIs. • IP address need to be mapped DLCI 9

WAN Networking Protocols How Frame Relay works 10

WAN Networking Protocols Subinterfaces • You can have multiple virtual circuits on a single interface and treat each one as a separate interface. R(config)>interface s 0 R(config-if)>encapsulation frame-relay [ietf] R(config-if)>int s 0. 16 point-to-point (or multipoint) 11

WAN Networking Protocols Mapping Frame Relay Manual Mapping R(config)>interface s 0 R(config-if)>encapsulation frame-relay R(config-if)>int s 0. 16 multipoint R(config-subif)>no inverse-arp R(config-subif)>ip address 172. 16. 30. 1 255. 0 R(config-subif)>frame-relay map 172. 16. 30. 17 16 ietf broadcast R(config-subif)>frame-relay map 172. 16. 30. 18 17 broadcast R(config-subif)>frame-relay map 172. 16. 30. 19 18 Using Reverse-ARP R(config)>interface s 0. 16 R(config-subif)>encapsulation frame-relay ietf R(config-subif)>ip address 172. 16. 30. 1 255. 0 12

WAN Networking Protocols Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) • ISDN is a digital service designed to run over existing telephone networks. • ISDN supports both voice, video, and data • Call setup is faster than with a modem. • Data rates are faster than one modem connection. 13

WAN Networking Protocols ISDN Components 14

WAN Networking Protocols ISND Terminals • Terminal adapter: A converter device that allows non-ISDN devices to operate on an ISDN network. • Terminal Equipment 1 (TE 1): A device that supports ISDN standards. • Terminal Equipment 2 (TE 2): A non-ISDN device. • Network Termination 1 (NT 1): A device that is attached to ISND BRI lines to provide power. It also terminates the 2 -wire connection from CO and connects to the 4 -wire customer network. • Network Termination 2 (NT 2): A provider equipment. 15

WAN Networking Protocols Reference Points • U – The U-interface is the actual two-wire cable which connects the customer’s equipment to the telecommunications provider • R – The R-interface is the wire or circuit that connects TE 2 to the TA • S – The S-interface is a four-wire cable from TE 1 or TA to the NT 1 or NT 2 • T – The point between NT 1 and NT 2, which is also called the Tinterface • S/T 16

WAN Networking Protocols Connecting to the Provider 17

WAN Networking Protocols ISDN Switch Types • Interfaces – Basic Rate Interface (BRI) – Primary Rate (Interface) • Potential Switch Types To Be Obtained from ISDN Providers – basic-5 ess, basic-dms 100, basic-ni, . . • Service Profile Identifiers (SPIDs) – Reference number assigned to ISDN channels • Functions like a phone number – Frequently referred to as ISDN phone numbers – Most modern ISDN systems now have a feature called Auto. SPID 18

WAN Networking Protocols ISDN with CISCO Router 19