WALNUT SHELL FILTERS JOSEPH PECSENYICKI KORKU TETTEY NAVJIWAN

WALNUT SHELL FILTERS JOSEPH PECSENYICKI KORKU TETTEY NAVJIWAN TINJAN 1 Chem 260 Project: 2013 Produced by: SAIDU BALDE

2 INTRODUCTION

Walnut shell filtration where sand filters formerly used: Ø more suitable for filtering free oil and suspended solids Ø treat oil field produced water Ø refinery wastewater Ø steel mill direct spray and caster water Ø ethylene plant quench water Ø copper concentrate decant (Slide information from [6]) 3 Ø cooling water

ØReduces: (Slide information from [2]) 4 • Backwash water volume • Weight • Footprint ØSuitable for off-shore oil production

Filters (Slide information from [3]) 5 • mechanically separate solids (or free droplets) from solution

Filter Type A Surface filters – sieves (size exclusion) Eg: cheesecloth, coffee filters (Slide information from [3]) 6 Image: http: //www. bravilor. com/en-IN/product/filter-cups/110

Filter Type B Deep Bed (or Depth) filters • droplets slowed in tortuous channels • droplets attach to filter by some mechanism Eg: black walnut shell filter (Slide information from [3]) 7 Image: http: //www. nuts. com/nuts/black-walnuts/in-shell. html

Clear Path Tortuous Path Flo w (Image: Joseph Pecsenyicki) 8 Filter media granules

Droplets slowed in tortuous channels (Slide information from [3]) 9 Droplets captured on walnut shell media via: • Direct collision • Diffusion • London force attraction • Surface charge attraction / repulsion

Link to Flash Animation 1. Click on link. 2. Animation will load onto your default browser. 3. Control+ or Control– to adjust screen size. 4. Click anywhere on Flash screen to advance to next animation sequence. 5. Click green back button to play previous animation sequence. 6. Close browser when finished. 10 http: //chou-sehfu. com/presentations/chem 260/walnut. Shell. Filter. Animation. h tml

ADVANTAGES OF WALNUT SHELL FILTERS I • Lightweight media • Strong & elastic Ø less fracturing than sand Ø less flaking than anthracite • Non-abrasive (Slide information from [3]) 11 Ø less frictional damage to media than sand / anthracite

ADVANTAGES OF WALNUT SHELL FILTERS II • Can be ground into optimal size Ø sand grains are a little too small – require higher flow pressure • Coalesces oil (Slide information from [3]) 12 Ø easy to clean via water backwash

CONCLUSION Walnut shell filters: • Saw adoption during early 1970 s • Widespread due to: (Slide information from [3]) 13 Ø Easy oil coalescence Ø Mechanical properties Ø Easy & chemical-free backwash properties

Supplemental Information 14 (Skimmed through in original presentation due to time constraints)

COMPARISON OF MEDIA g of oil retained by cm 3 of media Oil affinity quotient Polyvinyl chloride Anthracite Silica sand Black walnut shells 0. 212 0. 043 0. 033 (Slide information from [3]) 15 Media

(Slide images from [2]) 16 BLACK WALNUT SHELLS

(Slide images from [2]) 17 MEDIA GRANULES

(Slide images from [2]) 18 OIL-COATED WALNUT SHELL GRANULES

INDUSTRIAL-SIZED WALNUT SHELL FILTER (Slide images & information from [2]) 19 • Vertical vessel: 48 – 66 inch walnut shell media depth

VERTICAL FILTRATION v Longer run times v Longer media lifetime (Slide image & information from [2]) 20 v Fewer suspended solids escape downstream

OIL REMOVAL • 100 PPM oil enters • Oil droplets > 2 μm ≈ 95% removal • < 5 PPM oil exits (Slide image & information from [2]) 21 • Oil droplets > 5 μm ≈ 98% removal

Media requires aqueous wetting before use. Backwash: • Once per day • Water backwash – no chemicals • 20 -30 min. process Media attrition: 5% per year. (Slide images & information from [2]) 22 • 1% to wastewater

SOURCES [1] Abdallah, W. , et al. (2007). Fundamentals of Wettability. Oilfield Review. Summer. pp. 44, 49. [2] Howdeshell, M. , Catalanotto, C. and Lorge, E. (Siemens). “Walnut Shell Filter Reuse Potential. ” 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2013 from http: //www. sawea. org/pdf/Mike_Howdeshell. pdf [3] Kashaev, S. and Lee, D. (2010). Deep Bed Nutshell Filter Evolution. Retrieved October 27, 2013 from: http: //www. exterran. com/Content/Docs/Products/Deep. Bed-Nutshell-Filter-Evolution-English-Letter. pdf [5] Kari Mc. Donald. Instructor, SAIT. Interview. Calgary, AB. November 8, 2013 23 [4] Ian Mackay. Instructor, SAIT. Interview. Calgary, AB. November 4, 2013

SOURCES 24 [6] Siemens. “Auto-Shell™ Filter: Walnut Shell Filtration. ” 2009. [Online]. Retrieved October 15, 2013 from http: //www. water. siemens. com/Site. Collection. Docu ments/Product_Lines/Monosep/Brochures/ZPAUSH-DS-0310. pdf

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 25 Filtra Systems Technology. “Deep Bed Media Filter. ” n. d. [Online]. Retrieved October 15, 2013 from: http: //filtrasystems. com/products/deep-bed-media-filter/