WalkingWorking Surfaces 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D PPT036

Walking-Working Surfaces 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D PPT-036 -03 Bureau of Workers’ Compensation PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS) 1

Introduction § Slips, trips and falls cause: →The majority of general industry accidents → 15 percent of all accidental deaths →More fatalities than all other causes except motor vehicles § OSHA’s standards for walking and working surfaces apply to all permanent places of employment, except where only domestic, mining, or agricultural work is performed PPT-036 -03 2

General Requirements Housekeeping • Workplaces must be kept clean, orderly, and sanitary • Workroom floors must be maintained as clean and dry as possible PPT-036 -03 3

General Requirements Aisles and Passageways • Keep clear and move obstructions that could create a hazard • Mark permanent aisles and passageways • Aisles must be sufficiently wide where mechanical handling equipment is used PPT-036 -03 4

General Requirements Covers and Guardrails Provide covers or guardrails to protect workers from the hazards of open pits, tanks, vats, ditches, and the like PPT-036 -03 5

General Requirements Skylight, Floor Opening Every skylight, floor opening and hole shall be guarded by a standard skylight screen or a fixed standard railing on all exposed sides PPT-036 -03 6

General Requirements Pit & Trapdoor Floor Opening Every pit and trapdoor floor opening, infrequently used=guarded by a floor opening cover of standard strength and construction While the cover is not in place, the pit or trap opening constantly attended by someone or protected on all exposed sides by removable standard railings PPT-036 -03 7

General Requirements Floor Loading Protection • Load ratings must be marked on plates and conspicuously posted • Do not exceed the load rating limit PPT-036 -03 8

Floor Opening An opening measuring 12 inches or more in its least dimension in a floor, platform, pavement, or yard, through which people may fall. PPT-036 -03 9

Guarding Floor Openings Definitions: Standard railing: o Consists of top rail, mid rail, and posts o Height from upper surface of top rail to floor level is 42 inches o Mid rail height is 21 inches Standard toeboard: o 4 inches high, with not more than ¼ inch clearance above the floor PPT-036 -03 10

Stairway Floor Openings Must be guarded by a standard railing on all exposed sides (except at entrance) PPT-036 -03 11

Ladderway Floor Openings • Guard with a standard railing with toeboard on all exposed sides (except entrance) • Guard the passage through the railing with a swinging gate or offset it to prevent someone from walking into the opening PPT-036 -03 12

Floor Hole • An opening measuring less than 12” but more than 1” in its least dimension, in a floor, platform, pavement or yard, through which materials but not persons may fall • Every floor hole that people can accidentally walk into must be guarded by either: o a standard railing with toeboard or o a cover PPT-036 -03 13

Wall Openings • Opening at least 30” high and 18” wide, in a wall or partition, through which persons may fall • Wall openings from which there is a drop of more than 4 feet must be guarded PPT-036 -03 14

Open-sided Floors & Platforms § Open-sided floors or platforms 4’ or more above adjacent floor or ground level must be guarded by a standard railing (or equivalent) on all open sides, except where there is an entrance to a ramp, stairway, or fixed ladder § A toeboard is required when beneath the open sides: o persons can pass, o there is moving machinery, or o there is equipment where falling materials could create a hazard PPT-036 -03 Unguarded Platform 15

Open-sided Concerns Floors, Walkways, Platforms and Runways: § Regardless of height, a standard railing and toeboard must be used to guard: o open-sided floors o walkways o platforms, or o runways § Above or adjacent to dangerous equipment, pickling or galvanizing tanks, degreasing units, and similar hazards PPT-036 -03 16

Stairways § Flights of stairs with four or more risers must have standard stair railings or handrails PPT-036 -03 17

Fixed Industrial Stairs § Treads must be slip resistant with uniform rise height and tread width § Must be able to carry 5 times expected load; minimum of 1000 pounds § Minimum width of 22” PPT-036 -03 Violation here: several steps bent and damaged, no railings/handrails, tools on stairs 18

Portable Ladders �Ladders used to gain access to a roof or other area must extend at least 3’ above the point of support �Remove defective ladders from service and tag or mark “Dangerous, Do Not Use” �Never use ladders in a horizontal position as scaffolds or work platforms �Never use metal ladders near electrical equipment PPT-036 -03 Notice step ladder in use; safer to use straight ladder 19

Duty Rating • • A ladder duty rating tells you its maximum weight capacity. There are four categories of the duty ratings: Type IA – These ladders have a duty rating of 300 pounds and are recommended for extra heavy-duty industrial use. Type I – These ladders have a duty rating of 250 pounds and are manufactured for heavy-duty use. Type II – These ladders have a duty rating of 225 pounds and are approved for medium-duty use. Type III – These ladders have a duty rating of 200 pounds and are rated for light-duty use. PPT-036 -03 20

Portable Wood Ladders Free from sharp edges, splinters, wane, & decay Step ladders - Type I = 3 to 20’ (heavy duty use) - Type II = 3 to 12’ (medium duty) - Type III = 3 to 6’ (light duty) These have a metal spreader or locking device PPT-036 -03 21

Portable Wood Ladders Inspection per 29 CFR 1910. 25(d)(1)(x) § Regularly inspect ladders § Those with defects withdrawn from service for repair or destruction and tagged or marked as "Dangerous, Do Not Use" PPT-036 -03 22

Portable Ladders Single/Straight ladder 30 feet or less Extension ladder 60 feet or less Painter’s ladder 12 feet or less PPT-036 -03 23

Care and Use of Ladders �Ladders must be maintained in good condition at all times: Joints must be tight ▪ Metal bearings of lock, wheels, pulleys, etc. , must be lubricated ▪ Frayed or badly worn rope must be replaced ▪ Safety feet and other auxiliary equipment must be in good condition ▪ �Ladders must be inspected frequently PPT-036 -03 24

Ladders and Electricity § Metal ladders conduct electricity – be careful where they are located when in use § Suggest metal ladders have a sign stating “not for use around electricity or electrical lines” PPT-036 -03 25

Ladder Angle Portable Rung and Cleat Ladders Use at angle where the horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the ladder is ¼ the working length of the ladder (length along ladder between the foot and top support) PPT-036 -03 26

Proper Climbing Angle PPT-036 -03 27

Safe Use of Ladders - Make sure the ladder is strong enough and long enough for the job - Carefully inspect the ladder before you use it - Place the ladder on a firm, level surface with its feet parallel to the wall it is resting against - Face the ladder when ascending or descending PPT-036 -03 28

Safe Use of Ladders - Ensure rungs are free from grease/oil - Always maintain 3 points of contact when ascending or descending - Never splice ladders together Employee is maintaining three points of contact while working PPT-036 -03 29

Fixed Ladders �Permanently attached to a structure, building or equipment �Cages or wells required if longer than 20’ to a maximum unbroken length of 30’ �Ladder safety devices may be used on tower, water tank and chimney ladders over 20’ in unbroken length instead of cage protection PPT-036 -03 30

Safe Use of Ladders Any Safety Issues Here? Rail Bent Bracket Bent & Shelf Missing PPT-036 -03 31

Scaffolding General Requirements § Must be capable of supporting four times the maximum intended load § Do not alter or move while in use § Protect workers on scaffolds from overhead hazards § If higher than 10’, use guardrails, midrails and toeboards § Use wire mesh between the toeboard and guardrail if people work or pass underneath § Must be equipped with access ladder or equivalent PPT-036 -03 32

Scaffolding: General Requirements § Designed by qualified person and built loaded to design § Footing or anchorage of scaffolds must be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load without displacement § Must be capable of supporting at least 4 times the maximum intended load PPT-036 -03 33

Any Problems Here? Scaffolding unsafe – no guardrails, not supported or anchored properly, etc. PPT-036 -03 34

Summary § Slips, trips, and falls constitute the majority of general industry accidents § OSHA’s standards for walking and working surfaces include requirements for guarding floor/wall openings and holes, housekeeping, industrial stairs and ladders § Maintaining proper clearance and aisle space helps to prevent accidents and injuries § Keeping working surfaces clean, dry, and uncluttered can prevent many workplace accidents PPT-036 -03 35

Remember § A slip/trip/fall can occur in just one second, and that one second can change your life § Be careful, be safe, and use common sense when it comes to maintaining and using walking and working surfaces PPT-036 -03 36

Questions PPT-036 -03 37

Contact Information Health & Safety Training Specialists 1171 South Cameron Street, Room 324 Harrisburg, PA 17104 -2501 (717) 772 -1635 RA-LI-BWC-PATHS@pa. gov Like us on Facebook! https: //www. facebook. com/BWCPATHS PPT-036 -03 38