WALKING WORKING SURFACES 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D

WALKING – WORKING SURFACES 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D

1910. 21 DEFINITIONS n FLOOR HOLE – an opening measuring less than 12 inches but more than 1 inch in its least dimensions n FLOOR OPENING – an opening measuring 12 inches or more in its least dimension i. e. stair opening, hatchway, manhole

1910. 21 DEFINITIONS n HANDRAIL – a single bar or pipe supported on brackets from a wall to furnish persons with a handhold n WALL HOLE – an opening less than 30 inches but more than 1 inch high, of unrestricted width

1910. 22 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (a) Housekeeping (1) All places of employment, passageways, storerooms, and service rooms shall be kept clean and orderly and in a sanitary condition (2) The floor of every workroom shall be maintained in a clean and dry condition. When wet processes are used, drainage shall be maintained.

1910. 22 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (b) Aisles and Passageways (1) Where mechanical handling equipment (fork trucks) is used, sufficient safe clearances shall be allowed for aisles. (2) Permanent aisles and passageways shall be appropriately marked. * ANSI Z 53. 1 Aisle Markings * 1910. 176 PIT

1910. 22 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (d) Floor Loading Protection (1) Overhead storage areas, mezzanines, etc. need posted sign identifying the maximum weight per square foot of the space.

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (a) Protection for Floor Openings (1) Every stairway floor opening shall be guarded by a standard railing, provided on all exposed sides (except at entrance to stairway).

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (a)(2) Every ladder, floor opening or platform shall be guarded by a standard railing with standard toe board on all exposed sides (except at entrance to opening). * Industry – 4 ft * Construction – 6 ft

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (a)(3) Every hatchway and chute floor opening shall be guarded by one of the following: (i) Hinged Floor Opening Cover (ii) Removable Railing & Toe Board (4) Every skylight floor opening and hole shall be guarded by a standard skylight screen or fixed standard railing on all exposed sides

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (5) Every pit and trapdoor shall be guarded by a floor opening cover. While the cover is not in place the opening shall be constantly attended by someone or protected on all exposed sides by a removable standard railing.

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (6) Every manhole floor opening (measuring larger than 12 inches) shall be guarded by a standard manhole cover. (7) Every temporary floor opening shall have standard railings.

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (8) Every floor hole shall be guarded by: (i) Standard Railing with Standard Toe Board (ii) Floor Hole Cover

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (10) Where doors or gates open directly on a stairway, a platform shall be provided and the swing of the door shall not reduce the effective width to less than 20 inches. 20” STEP

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (b) Protection for wall openings and holes (1) Every wall opening from which there is a drop of more than 4 ft shall be guarded i. e. shipping docks

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (c) Protection of open sided floors, platforms, and runways (1) Every open sided floor or platform 4 ft or more above the floor shall be guarded by a standard railing

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (c)(1) A toe board shall be provided whenever: (i) persons can pass under (ii) there is moving machinery (iii) hazard of falling materials (2) Every runway shall be guarded by a standard railing

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (3) Regardless of height, open sided floors, walkways, platforms above or adjacent to dangerous equipment, galvanizing tanks, degreasing units and similar hazards shall be guarded with railing and toe board

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (d) Stairway railing and guards (1) Every flight of stairs having four or more risers shall be equipped with standard railings (i) stairways less than 44 inches wide -having both sides enclosed at least one handrail on the right side descending (ii) having one side open – at least one stair railing on open side

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (iii) having both sides open – one stair railing on each side (iv) Stairways more than 44 inches wide but less than 88 inches wide – one handrail on each enclosed side and one stair railing on each open side (v) Stairways more than 88 inches wide – one handrail on each enclosed side , one stair railing on each open side and one intermediate stair railing

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (e) Railings, toe boards and cover specifications (1) Standard railing consists of top rail, intermediate rail and posts and shall have a vertical height of 42 inches. Top rail (42”) shall be smooth-surfaced. Intermediate rail (21”) shall be approximately halfway between the top rail and the floor.

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (e)(2) Stair railing shall be of construction similar to standard railing. The vertical height shall be not more than 34 inches nor less than 30 inches from upper surface of top rail. 30” 34”

1910. 23 GUARDING FLOOR/WALL OPENINGS AND HOLES (e)(6) All handrails shall have a clearance of not less than 3 inches between the handrail and any other object. (8) Skylight screens shall be of such construction and mounting that they are capable of withstanding a load of at least 200 pounds.

1910. 24 FIXED INDUSTRIAL STAIRS (f) Stair treads – rise height and tread width shall be uniform throughout any flight of stairs. (h)(i) Vertical Clearance – vertical clearance above any stair tread to an overhead obstruction shall be at least 7 feet.

1910. 25 PORTABLE WOOD LADDERS (b)(1) Requirements of wood parts (i) All wood parts shall be free from sharp edges and splinters (c)(2) Portable stepladders – stepladders longer than 20 feet shall not be supplied. Three types of ladders TYPE IA – Industrial TYPE II – Commercial TYPE III – Household

1910. 25 PORTABLE WOOD LADDERS (c)(2)(i) General Requirements (b) A uniform step spacing, not more than 12 inches, shall be employed. (f) Each ladder shall have a metal spreader which holds the front and back sections in the open position.

1910. 25 PORTABLE LADDERS (d) Care and Use of Ladders (1)(i) Ladders shall be maintained in good condition at all times. (iv) Safety feet shall be kept in good condition. (x) Ladders shall be inspected frequently and those which have developed defects shall be withdrawn from service. (xi) Rungs shall be free of grease and oil.

1910. 25 PORTABLE LADDERS (d)(2) Use (i) Used at a 4: 1 pitch, ladders shall be lashed or held in position. Ladders shall not be used in a horizontal position. (ii) Ladders should not be used by more than one man at a time. (iii) Portable ladders shall be so placed that the side rails have secure footing.

1910. 25 PORTABLE LADDERS (iv) Ladders shall not be placed in front of door opening, unless the door is blocked, locked or guarded. (v) Ladders shall not be placed on boxes, barrels, or other bases to obtain additional height. (vii) Ladders with broken or missing steps, rungs, cleats or side rails shall not be used.

1910. 25 PORTABLE LADDERS (ix) Ladders shall not be spliced together. (xi) Ladders shall not be used as braces or other than their intended purpose. (xii) Tops of stepladders shall not be used as steps.

1910. 25 PORTABLE LADDERS (xiii) On two section extension ladders the minimum overlap shall be Size of Ladder (ft) Overlap (ft) Up to & including 36 3 Over 36 up to & including 48 Over 48 up to and including 60 4 5

1910. 25 PORTABLE LADDERS (xv) Ladder used to gain access to a roof shall extend at least 3 feet above the roofline. (xix) The user should equip all portable rung ladders with non-slip bases if a slipping hazard is present. (xx) The bracing on the back legs of a step ladder are not for climbing.

1910. 25 PORTABLE LADDERS * Step ladders can not be used as a straight sided ladder 1910. 333 (c)(7) Portable ladders shall have nonconductive side rails

1910. 27 FIXED LADDERS (c)(4) Clearance in back of ladder – the distance from the centerline of the rungs to the nearest permanent object in back of the ladder shall be not less than 7 inches. (d) Special Requirements (1)(i) Cages shall be provided on ladders of more than 20 feet.

1910. 27 FIXED LADDERS (1)(ii) Cages shall extend a minimum of 42 inches above the top of the landing. (iv) Cages shall extend down the ladder to a point not less than 7 feet nor more than 8 feet above the base of the ladder.

1910. 27 FIXED LADDERS (d)(3) Ladder extensions – the side rails of through or side step ladder extensions shall extend 3 ½ feet above landings. (4) Ladder safety devices – ladder safety devices may be used on ladders over 20 feet in unbroken length in lieu of cages.

1910. 30 OTHER WORKING SURFACES (a) Dockboards (bridge plates) (1) Dockboards shall be strong enough to carry the load imposed on them. (2) Dockboards shall be secured in position. (3) Powered dockboards shall be designed and constructed in accordance with CS 202 -56 (1961) (4) Positive protection shall be provided to prevent railroad cars from being moved.