W E I V E R M APES

W E I V E R M APES EXA DAY 5

SEWAGE TREATMENT

TYPES OF COAL

COAL-RELATED AIR POLLUTANTS Carbon Dioxide (#1 Source) Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides Particulate Matter Mercury

PRODUCTS MADE FROM OIL

• THE ACRONYM OPEC REFERS TO THE Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries WHICH IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE… It is made up of 13 countries that have about 60% of the world’s oil reserves. They basically control the oil market.

• FRACKING IS A COMMON NAME FOR Hydraulic Fracturing WHICH IS A CONCERN BECAUSE… It fractures rock and causes seismic events, while using and contaminating millions of gallons of freshwater.

• EXPLAIN WHAT THE DEEPWATER HORIZON WAS, WHERE IT WAS, AND WHY IT IS SIGNIFICANT… Deepwater Horizon was an offshore oil rig. It was stationed in the Gulf of Mexico On April 20, 2010 it exploded and oil gushed from the seafloor for 87 days with an estimated discharge of 210 million gallons. It was the worst marine oil spill in history.

• THE ACRONYM ANWR REFERS TO THE Arctic National Wildlife Refuge WHICH IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE… It is the largest wilderness area in the US, established in 1960 to preserve diversity, ensure a place for hunting & gathering and protect water quality.

ENERGY CALCULATION ON THE CHALKBOARD

ENERGY CALCULATION ON THE CHALKBOARD

• THE ACRONYM CAFÉ REFERS TO THE Corporate Average Fuel Economy WHICH IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE… They are regulations in the US which are intended to improve the average fuel economy of cars and light trucks produced for sale in the US.

SOLAR POWER TOWER IN CA Threatened Desert Tortoise Endangered Peninsular Bighorn Sheep

CONSERVE ALL THE ENERGY! 1. ENERGY EFFICIENT APPLIANCES/LED LIGHTBULBS 2. UNPLUG ELECTRONICS/CHARGERS WHEN NOT IN USE 3. WALK/BIKE/CARPOOL/PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 4. DOUBLE-PANED, SOUTHERN FACING WINDOWS

• EXPLAIN WHAT CHERNOBYL WAS, WHERE IT WAS, AND WHY IT IS SIGNIFICANT… Chernobyl was a Nuclear Power Plant. It was located in the Ukraine. On April 26, 1986 it melted down and an explosion and subsequent fire released large quantities of radioactivity into the atmosphere, which spread across western Europe and the USSR.

MINING TABLE – OPEN PIT MINING Description Environmental Consequences Type of surface mining • where a large hole or “pit” is dug into the ground. Perfect for reaching deep and wide • ore deposits like copper. Road Construction – erosion, water damage, habitat fragmentation Tailings (waste) – contaminate land water with acids & metals

MINING TABLE – SUBSURFACE MINING Description Environmental Consequences Underground mining • where tunnels are built to reach ores like coal, diamonds and gold. • Vertical shafts and elevators transport miners. • Horizontal shafts for equipment and conveyors. Acid Mine Drainage – water with SUPER LOW p. H. Contamination of Soil and nearby rivers. Many safety hazards in humans.

MINING TABLE – STRIP MINING Description Environmental Consequences Type of surface mining • Road Construction – where “strips” are erosion, water removed of soil and damage, habitat rock. Ores like some fragmentation coal and sand deposits • Tailings (waste) – are usually close to the contaminate land surface in these areas. and water with acids & metals

MINING TABLE – MOUNTAINTOP REMOVAL Description Environmental Consequences Type of surface mining • Road Construction – where explosives are erosion, water used to remove the top damage, habitat of a mountain to expose fragmentation the ore beneath it. Extra • Tailings (waste) – soil is dumped into contaminate land nearby valleys and water with acids rivers. & metals

MINING TABLE – DRILLING Description Environmental Consequences Liquid petroleum and • natural gas need to be drilled to extract the ore. This can occur on land or under the ocean (AKA • Offshore). Road Construction – erosion, water damage, habitat fragmentation Tailings (waste) – contaminate land water with acids & metals

STRENGTHEN THIS STATEMENT • “MINING CAUSES POLLUTION THAT MAY DISRUPT THE ENVIRONMENT. ” • WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON A WHITEBOARD • MEET WITH YOUR ROW, AND DETERMINE THE BEST ANSWER IN YOUR ROW • SHARE WITH THE CLASS

EXEMPLAR MINING CAUSES MANY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES. THE MAIN POLLUTANTS FROM MINING INCLUDE ATMOSPHERIC GASES LIKE CO 2, SO 2, NO 2, PARTICULATE MATTER AND CH 4, AS WELL AS SOIL/WATER POLLUTION FROM RUNOFF, INCLUDING SEDIMENT, SULFURIC ACID, MERCURY, ARSENIC AND IN GOLD MINING, CYANIDE.

ELEMENTS AND ORES • GALENA • QUARTZ • BAUXITE • HEMATITE • PITCHBLENDE Lead Silicon Aluminum Iron Uranium

• EXPLAIN WHAT THREE MILE ISLAND WAS, WHERE IT WAS, AND WHY IT IS SIGNIFICANT… Three Mile Island was a Nuclear Power Plant. It was located in Middletown, PA. In 1979 a cooling malfunction caused part of the core to melt down. Some radiation was released, but not enough to harm local residents. Worst nuclear accident in US history.

THERMAL POLLUTION - NUCLEAR • NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS USE WATER AS A COOLING AGENT. • WATER RETURNED TO WATER SUPPLY 920 OC WARMER. • HOT WATER CAUSES AQUATIC DAMAGE LIKE IN THE FIGURE • NOW USE COOLING PONDS/TOWERS TO COOL WATER BEFORE PUTTING IT BACK.

• EXPLAIN WHAT FUKUSHIMA WAS, WHERE IT WAS, AND WHY IT IS SIGNIFICANT… Fukushima was a Nuclear Power Plant. It was located in Japan. In March of 2011, an initial failure occurred when the plant was hit by a tsunami, triggered by a 9. 0 earthquake. No fatalities or short term radiation exposure were reported.

Percent Left HALF-LIFE CALCULATION Set up # of Days This # of Half. Lives Table! ON THE CHALKBOARD

ENERGY CALCULATION ON THE CHALKBOARD