W Balk 1 LA 28 P A Thumbnail

W Balk 1 LA. 28 P : A Thumbnail ‘History’ of Tall el-Hammam/Sodom Dr. Steven Collins Dean, College of Archaeology & Biblical History Trinity Southwest University Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA 2010 Steven Collins, Ph. D.

If you’ll study carefully the following slide sequence, you’ll observe the stratigraphy revealing 2, 500 years of continuous occupation at Tall el-Hammam/Sodom.

fill 2 B M ore Middle Bronze 2 city wall glacis/rampart m (ca. 1800 BCE) (eroded away here, but present in the excavation squares to the immediate S) more MB 2 fill SOIL-MIXED RUBBLE EB 3 city wall MB 2 fill refurbishing ASHY SOIL (ca. 2700 BCE) more MB 2 fill SAND-ASH-PEBBLES (section) reveals thatused nothrough IB & MB 1 more MB 2 fill Close examination of this balk more MB 2 fill water-borne or wind-blown sediments contribute to the MB 2 fill visible stratigraphy. All of more the. MB 2 various materials present in this view were purposefully placed by the city builders EB 2 cityfor wall (ca. Period 3000 BCE) construction purposes. Thus, from the Chalcolithic ) MB 2 fill (ca. 1800 BCE) E C more MB 2 fill 0 B to 180 n w o through the Middle Bronze Age, Tall (d el-Hammam/Sodom more EB 2 fill street IB/MB more EB 2 fill et enjoyed uninterrupted EB 3 stre occupation. That is, of course, until more EB 2 fill et EB 2 stre it suffered catastrophic destruction toward the end of the more EB 2 fill MBA (during the time of Abraham EB 2 fill (ca. 3000 and BCE) Lot). SANDY LOAM-ASH HUWAR MATRIX DIRT MUDBRICK SAND-ASH-PEBBLES MUDBRICK SANDY LOAM MIXED MATRIX SAND-ASH MIXED MATRIX SOIL-MIXED-MATRIX Chalcolithic house wall (ca. 4000 BCE) Early Bronze 1 house wall (ca. 3300 BCE)

So, what’s in a balk? Quite a lot!