VY32INOVACE14 18 British history Celts Romans Anglo Saxons

VY_32_INOVACE_14 -18 British history Celts Romans Anglo Saxons Normans

Celts and Romans § Pre-Celtic period (before 800 B. C. ): preserved monuments… § Celtic invasion: from 8 th century B. C. in three waves: q Gaels (Ireland, Scotland), Britons (Engl. , Wal. , Scot. ), Belgae (Kent, s. -east Engl. )iron age begins, villages, towns are built………flourishing q Celtic language § Roman invasion: from 1 st century B. C. until 5 th century A. D. 55 B. C. G. Julius Caesar – defeated by British 43 A. D. – emperor Claudius: resisted…. . revolts (Boudicca`s) 128 A. D. – Hadrian`s Wall Britannia – Roman`s province towns, roads built, London/Londonium – important center and harbour London Bridge/, palaces, baths, temples Christianity Latin

Hadrian`s Wall Autor: Glen Bowman, Název: Hadrians Wall 03. jpg Zdroj: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Hadrians_Wall_03. jpg Bath Autor: Andrew Bunn, Název: Roman Baths, Bath. jpg Zdroj: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Roman_Baths, _Bath. jpg

Anglo-Saxons and Vikings § Anglo-Saxon invasion: § Germanic tribes - from 5 th cent. until 11 th century Angles, Saxons, Jutes – cruel, burning villages… revolts /king Arthur`s legends/ farmers, towns did NOT develop burnt villages language influence Viking invasion § § § from 8 th until 11 th century /Danes, Norsemen/ seamen, good warriors and traders…revolt Alfred the Great…Danes defeated English literature has started, schools founded Winchester the capital from tribal to feudal society, Danish king – Canute united Saxons and Danes = Viking Empire / Denmark, Norway/

Viking invasions Autor: Bogdangiusca, Název: Vikings-Voyages. png Zdroj: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Vikings-Voyages. png#file

Normans § Edward III the Confessor- importance of London, W. Abbey founded – London the most important city Norman invasion - Norman Conquest 1066 William the Conqueror –(1087 -1100, French) defeated Harold II (English) battle of Hastings – 1066 ( last Anglo-Saxon king) succesful invasion by French speaking Normans, coronation in Westm. Abbey all A. -Saxon land confiscated barons, higher position of noblemen § strong feudalism established (king´s power) § built: Tower of London + castles § Domesday Book – 1086, administration (sheriffs, free law, no church influence § language: French, Latin, English simplified – no cases or genders

William the Conqueror Autor: Neznámý, Název: William the conqueror. jpg Zdroj: http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: William_the_conqueror. jpg

Norman kings and policy § Henry I, Stephen § House of Plantagenets: Henry II (1154 - 1189) inherited a French empire reforms, Thomas Becket – Archbishop of Canterbury – church courts - assassination 1170 Richard I – Lion Heart John Lackland – lost Normandy Magna Carta 1215 Edward I regain a king´s power, wool – taxes – barons, bishops = H. of Lords = Parliament Edward II, Edward III rebellions with Scotts (Will. Wallace, Rob. Bruce) q Hundred Years´War

Hundred Years´War 1337 - 1453 § England versus France § English was winning in the beginning Crécy 1346 § 1348 black death § 1415 Agincourt § 1428 Joan of Arc § 1453 Chantillion § results: En. - Fr. disaster En. lost French posssesions English language was strengthen – schools, courts, parliament

War of Roses 1453 - 1485 § House of York ( white rose, better position by the king Henry IV) versus § House of Lancaster ( red rose, better claim) § brutal war § results: battle of Bosworth - Richard III killed Henry VII married the Princess of York peace beginning of TUDOR DYNASTY

Thank you for your attention. Autor DUM: Mgr. Darina Sikorová