Vulnerability mapping BEAWARE II Final Project Conference Ronneby

Vulnerability mapping BE-AWARE II Final Project Conference Ronneby, Sweden: 18 -19 November 2015 • Environmental and socioeconomic vulnerability analysis Documentation: Technical sub report 2: Environmental and socioeconomic vulnerability mapping

Vulnerability mapping Objective: • Describe vulnerability on a regional scale. • map features in a consistent, comparable way to compare across country borders. • Add up effects of different relevant environmental and socioeconomic features

Vulnerability mapping • • Large area Challenge for homogenous mapping Dependent on available data Different levels of: – details – coverage – features

Vulnerability mapping Ø 3 STEPS: 1. Identification of sensitive features 2. Vulnerability ranking of each feature 3. Total vulnerability mapping

Vulnerability mapping Ø 3 STEPS: 1. Identification of sensitive features

Vulnerability mapping Step 1: ID of features • Identified in BE AWARE I • Final list revised during BE AWARE II • Determined from data availability • Data collected from: • Central sources such as EU institutions, NGO's and international conventions and organisations • Contracting parties • Organised by Data request note:

Vulnerability mapping Step 1: ID of features Sensitive Ecological features in the BA area 34 Ecological features: 26 Habitats 18 coastal 8 open sea 4 Species 1 fish area 3 bird areas 4 Protected areas Shoreline and Coastal Habitats Exposed rocky shores and reefs on less than 20 m depth; Exposed rocky shores and reefs on more than 20 m depth: Sheltered rocky shores and reefs on less than 20 m depth: Sheltered rocky shores and reefs on more than 20 m depth; Littoral chalk communities; Sandy beaches; Shingle beaches; Tidal sand mud flats; Salt marshes; Underwater sandbanks on less than 20 m depth Underwater sandbanks on more than 20 m depth; Biogenic reefs on less than 20 m depth Biogenic reefs on more than 20 m depth Maerl beds Seagrass beds (Zostera sp. > 5%) Estuaries Coastal lagoons (open to the sea); Large shallow inlets and bays; Species Features Spawning areas for fish Wintering areas for birds Staging areas for birds Breeding areas for birds (incl. foraging areas) Open Sea Habitats Open water column on less than 20 m depth Deep sea water column (>20 m depth) Deep sea floor (>20 m depth) Seamounts Coral gardens and sponge aggregations Carbonate mounds Lophelia pertusa reefs Sea-pen and burrowing megafauna Coastal and marine protected areas Natura 2000 areas (EC Habitat and Birds Directive (SACs and SPAs)) RAMSAR Convention areas OSPAR Convention areas Norwegian national plan for protection of marine areas

Vulnerability mapping STEP 1 – Sensitive socioeconomic features 14 Socioeconomic features: 1 Fisheries offshore & coastal fisheries 3 Aquaculture fish farms Shellfish cultures Algae cultures 5 Tourism & recreation 5 Other Sensitive Industries and Socioeconomic features in the BA area Fisheries Offshore and coastal fisheries Tourism and recreation Marinas Overnight stays coastal tourist hotels Densely populated towns and communities Main recreational fishing locations Cruise liner stops Aquaculture Fish farms Shellfish cultures Algae cultures Other Heritage sites Ports Mineral extraction site Offshore windfarms Water intakes

Vulnerability mapping Habitat classes A combination of : • EUNIS habitat classif. system • EU Habitats Directive Ann. 1 EUNIS classification

Vulnerability mapping Habitat classes – Harmonisation

Vulnerability mapping • Examples of mapping • Scaling issues: – Regional maps hide local details – present in data sets and used in analysis • Great variability • Some features left out but still in – marine mammals (MPAs)

Vulnerability mapping Habitats Shoreline classes - Exposed rocky < 20 m > 20 m

Vulnerability mapping Sensitivity Habitats Shoreline classes - UW sandbanks < 20 m > 20 m

Vulnerability mapping Sensitivity Habitats Shoreline classes - Shingle beaches

Vulnerability mapping Habitats Shoreline classes - Estuaries

Vulnerability mapping Bird species in original Data request: - Wintering areas - Breeding areas - Staging areas

Vulnerability mapping Aggregated into:

Vulnerability mapping Fish spawners Spring Demersal (herring) Summer Autumn Winter Spring Pelagic Summer Autumn Winter

Vulnerability mapping Fish Pelagic spawners Haddock Blue whiting Norway pout Saithe Cod Whiting Western mackerel Horse mackerel Sprat Demersal spawners Herring

Vulnerability mapping Fish pelagic spawners Haddock Blue whiting Norway pout Saithe Cod Whiting Western mackerel Horse mackerel Sprat Demersal spawners Herring

Vulnerability mapping Fish Demersal spawners Herring

Vulnerability mapping Protected areas - Nature 2000 - Norwegian nat. plan - OSPAR MPAs - World Her. site - Ramsar sites

Vulnerability mapping Socio economic tourism Marinas Overnight stays coastal tourist hotels Densely populated towns and communities Main recreational fishing locations Cruise liner stops

Vulnerability mapping Overnight stays Estimate of coastlines w. >20, 000 stays/km/year Possible underestimate in some areas

Vulnerability mapping Socio economy Heritage sites Ports Mineral extraction site Offshore windfarms Water intakes

Vulnerability mapping Socio economy Fishing effort 2 sources: - ICES data (VMS) on dredges, beam trawl, otter trawl, demersal seiners - Norwegian data (AIS)

Vulnerability mapping Ø 3 STEPS: 2. Vulnerability ranking of each feature

Vulnerability mapping Proposed ranking of all features by COWI based on litterature review Ranking workshop determined a final score list: 4 seasons +/- dispersants

Vulnerability mapping Ranking Criteria based on BE AWARE I Fate of oil related to feature Additional criteria for Soc. Econ Potential impact of oil: Sensitivity Recovery Length of interruption Compensation

Vulnerability mapping Ø 3 STEPS: 3. Total vulnerability mapping

Vulnerability mapping single-feature maps Total (seasonal) Vulnerability Maps

Vulnerability mapping Vulnerability maps Summing individual vulnerability scores habitats species protected areas soc. economic features x dispersed oil spills x non-dispersed spills Re-classifying total vulnerability scores: Very high High Medium low Very low Weighting btw. features: 25 % x 4 seasons Total: 8 Vulnerability maps 4 seasons x 2 oil spill types

Vulnerability mapping Impact x Next step (next talk) Vulnerability => Damage Base case: Surface Damage Base case: Water column

Vulnerability mapping Questions? Thank you beaware. bonnagreement. org