vs Lift Drag Thrust Weight Korea Aerospace Industries

고정익 항공기 vs. 회전익 항공기 양력 (Lift) 공기저항(Drag) 추력(Thrust) 중력(Weight) Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

고정익 vs. 회전익 항공기 Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

Hovering 성능 비교_고정익/회전익 Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

Airfoil Theory Lift Moment Drag Incidence Air velocity V Cho rd C Aerodynamic centre at chord L = q. c. CL ( ) D = q. c. CD ( ) M = q. c 2. CM ( ) per unit span Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

고정익 항공기 비행원리_양력(Lift) Where S : Wing Area CL = f(Mach, AOA, A/C Geometry) Aircraft Geometry ; Airfoil Wing Thickness Wing Aspect Ratio Wing Taper Ratio Wing Sweep Angle Wing Camber Wing Twist Wing LEF/TEF Strake etc. d. CL/da = CLa = Lift Curve Slope CLo = Lift at Zero AOA Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

고정익 항공기 비행원리_항력(Drag) Where S : Wing Area CDmin = f(Mach, A/C Geometry) Minimum Drag Due to Lift 1 0. 9 0. 8 0. 7 CL 0. 6 0. 5 0. 4 Mach= 0. 2 Mach= 0. 6 Mach= 0. 9 Mach= 1. 1 Mach= 1. 3 0. 2 0. 1 0 0 0. 05 0. 1 CD 0. 15 0. 2 Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

회전익 항공기 비행원리_최대속도 Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

회전익 항공기 비행원리 _최대속도 Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

회전익 항공기 비행원리_헬기의 유동 특성 Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

회전익 항공기 비행원리_Flight Control Directional Cyclic Collective Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

회전익 항공기 비행원리 _Flight Control Input in The Cockpit Collective Control Cyclic Control Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

회전익 항공기 비행원리_Rotor Hub 구성 Flapping Hinge Lead-Lag Hinge Feathering Hinge (Bearing) Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

회전익 항공기 비행원리_Rotor Hub의 종류 Type of Hub Physical Hinges (or Bearings) Conventional Type • 3 hinges - Flapping - Lead-Lag - Feathering Type and Number of Hinges ( or Bearings) • 3 Mechanical Hinges (separate hinges) • 2~3 Elastomeric Bearing ( separate hinges) Articulated hub Advanced Type (Spheriflex. TM ) Hingeless hub Bearingless hub • 3 hinges - Flapping - Lead-Lag • 1 Elastomeric Spherical Bearing ( 3 motions as only one bearing) - Feathering • 1 bearing - Feathering • None • Mechanical Hinge • Elastomeric Bearing • Flexbeam / Torque Tube Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

Anti Torque System Tail Rotor Fenestron (or Fantail) Advantages of the Fenestron: • Increased safety for people on the ground, since spinning tail rotors rank among the largest sources of danger with helicopters. • Higher ground clearance of the tail arm and a smaller susceptibility to foreign objects. • Greatly reduced noise, since the blade tips are enclosed; this and the greater number of blades leads to reduced vibration. Disadvantages include higher weight of the enclosure, higher construction cost, and a higher power requirement because of the smaller size. Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

Fenestron 의 안전성 Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

헬리콥터의 종류_NOTAR MD 500 series NOTAR (NO TAil Rotor) Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

헬리콥터의 종류_Twin Co-Axial Rotor Kamov Ka 25 ‘Hormone-A’ Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

헬리콥터의 종류_Twin Side-by-Side Rotor Mil 12 Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

헬리콥터의 종류_ Synchropter Kaman HH-43 F Huskie Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

헬리콥터의 종류_Twin Tandem Rotor 헬기의 조종 Four Generations, from bottom to top: the HUP, CH-21, CH-46 and CH-47 Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

헬기의 임무 _ 군용(Battlefield) Troop Transport : RAF EH 101 Reconnaissance : Bell OH-58 D Anti-Tank : AH-64 D CSAR(Combat Search & Rescue) : CH-53 Escort : Marine Super Cobra Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

헬기의 임무 _ 군용(Naval Role) ASW(Anti Submarine Warfare) : EH 101 ASu. V(Anti Surface Vessel Warfare) : Lynx AEW(Airborne Early Warning) : RAF Sea King Mine Clearance : Sikorsky MH-53 Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

헬기의 임무 _ 민수 Passenger Transport Medical Support (Medivac) Police/Customs Fire Fighting SAR(Search and Rescue) Heavy Lifting Pleasure Flying Agricultural Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

헬리콥터의 임무 Military combat : attack, reconnaissance, special operations, anti-submarine warfare, combat support : observation, search and rescue, utility, medical evacuation, utility combat service support : utility, cargo, training Key design requirements: range/payload, hover, integrated weapon system, stealth, day and night/ all weather operations, survivability equipment, crashworthiness, cost Civil transport passengers and cargo, utility, medical evacuation Key Design Requirements: cost, safety, reliability, payload, noise/vibration, utilization rates, all weather operation Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

헬리콥터 업체의 변화 Mc. Donnel Lockheed Sikorsky Kaman Doman Piasecki Vertol Boeing Bell Hughs Hiller Fairchild Brantly Ryan 1940 / 1950 1960 Today Complex arrangements of contractual alignments Boeing Sikorsky Bell Kaman Robinson Schweizer Bristol Westland Fairey Saunders Roew Weir/Cierva/ Anster Westland Agusta Sud Oest Sud Est Aerospatiale VFW Dornier Bolkow/MBB Wagner MBB GKN-Westald/Agusta Eurocopter France Eurocopter Deutschland Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

헬리콥터의 개발 현황 1 st stage: during WWII : Sikorsky R-4, -5, -6 2 nd stage : turboshaft engines introduced in 1957 weight - 0. 3 lb/hp , compared to reciprocating engines 1 lb/hp during 1960 s and Viet Nam conflict : AH-1, UH-1, CH-46, 47, 53 recognized as military missions 3 rd stage : during 1970 s technical advances in rotor and engine technologies weapon systems integration improved UH-60, AH-64 advanced airfoils, planforms (swept) 4 th stage : during 1990 s EH 101, NH-90, MD 900, RAH-66, V-22, Bell 430, mission systems designed into the aircraft as opposed to an add-on architecture, advanced electronics, composite materials, FBW technology, advanced engines, reduced costs and maintainability Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

국외 개발사례 –미국/유럽 구분 `60 `70 Agusta `80 `90 `00 개발기간 1972 ~ 1984 AB 139 A 129 1998 ~ (Agusta/Bell) AH-1 W (Upgrade) Bell UH-1 N AH-64 D 1990 ~ 1998 1968 ~ 1974 YUH-61 A Boeing / Sikorsky 1981 ~ 1996 RAH-66 YUH-60 A 1968 ~ 1974 UH-60 L UH-60 Derivatives EC 155 Eurocopter 1998 ~ UH-1 Y AH-64 A Boeing (MD포함) 1998 ~ AH-1 Z Tiger ? EC 655 1984 ~ 1991 NH-90 Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

국외 개발사례 – 일본 Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

Tilt Rotor Bell XV-3 (1955) Bell XV-15 (1977) Bell/Boeing V-22 비행모드 전환 Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

A 160 Hummingbird Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information

KAI 의 회전익 사업 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Korea Aerospace Industries Proprietary Information