Volumetric cylinder expansion measurement by weight Galiso Incorporated

Volumetric cylinder expansion measurement by weight Galiso Incorporated

History of volumetric cylinder expansion measurement by weight • Invented by Carl Grenci of Galiso Incorporated and patented in 1977 • Galiso Incorporated has delivered approximately 1000 cylinder test systems worldwide using weight scales to measure cylinder expansion. • Other test equipment manufactures have adopted weight scale measurement of cylinder expansion

Advantages of measuring cylinder expansion by weight • Eliminates operator interpretation of burette meniscus expansion reading • Eliminates fragile glass burette tubes and plumbing to multiple burette tubes. • Expansion reading is easily determined and communicated to operator or computer automation system

How expansion measurement by weight works • Based on 1: 1 relationship of water weight in grams to water volume in cubic centimeters. • Uses a container with a siphon tube instead of an open top burette tube.

Basic diagrams of expansion measurement by weight Scale Load Cell

US DOT 49 CFR 180. 205 cylinder expansion measuring requirements • The expansion – indicating device of the testing apparatus must also permit incremental reading of the cylinder expansion to 1% of the total expansion of each cylinder tested or 0. 1 cc, whichever is larger. Midpoint visual interpolation is permitted • The expansion-indicating device, as part of the retest apparatus, gives a stable reading of expansion and is accurate to +-1. 0% of the total expansion of any cylinder tested or 0. 1 cc, whichever is larger. The expansionindicating device itself must have an accuracy of +-0. 5%, or better, of its full scale.

CGA C 1 -2004 • Section 5. 2. 1. 2. 2 Lists the expansion measuring device requirements for Nonburette systems • The majority of non burette systems in operation use the weight expansion method

Accuracy Issues - Burette • • • Burette graduation marking accuracy Line of sight operator error Operator interpretation of meniscus error Burette cylinder geometric consistency Burette material thermal expansion

Practical accuracy considerations Burette • Accuracy of burette geometry and graduation is rarely evaluated • Accuracy of operator burette readings is subjective

Accuracy Issues - Weight • Changes in water column height inside expansion container during test • Buoyancy of siphon tube • Changes in water density due to temperature • Accuracy of weight measuring device

Practical accuracy considerations Weight • Effect of water column height change and buoyancy of siphon tube are easily checked by pouring a known quantity of water into the expansion measurement container when the device is open to the test jacket. • Water density changes with temperature can be easily corrected mathematically by the weight measuring device or control system. • Accuracy of weight measuring device is easily checked with reference weight

Water Density Temperature Examples

Partial list of airline industry users of Galiso WEMS equipment AERO CARE , INC. BRITISH AIRWAYS OVERLAND AVIATION AEROTECH WORLD TRADE CORP CHINA AIRLINES/ENG&MAINT DIV. PHILIPPINE AIRLINES CHINA AVIATION PHOENIX AEROGROUP CHINA EASTERN AVIATION SAS AERO CONSULTANT (M) SDN. BHD. COMPLETE VESSEL CARE-AEROSPACE SAUDI ARABIAN AIRLINES DELTA AIR LINES, INC. SCANDINAVIAN AIRLINES SYSTEM DELTA INT. TECHNOLOGIES, INC. SINGAPORE AIRLINES AIR CANADA AIR FRANCE AIR INDIA AIR NEW ZEALAND AIRCRAFT ACCS. & COMPONENTS CO. LTD EAGLE INDUSTRIES INC. ST AEROSPACE SYSTEMS PTE LTD. AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT OVERHAULS & SALE EL-AL ISRAEL AIRLINES SWISS AIRCRAFT EVACUATION SYSTEMS GUANGZHOU HANGXIN AVIONICS TAM - TAXI AEREO MARILIA LTDA ALITALIA H R D AERO SYSTEMS, INC. THAI AIRWAYS AMERICAN AIRLINES HUGEN MAINTENANCE FOR AIRCRAFT BV TRANS WORLD AIRLINES ASSOCIATED AEROSPACE ACTIVITIES INC JAPAN AERO PRESSURE CO. LTD TURKISH AIRLINES AUSTRIAN AIRLINES JOHN CAMERON AVIATION UNITED AIRLINES KLM ROYAL DUTCH UPS AIR GROUP PLANT ENGINEERING BEDFORD & COMPANY BF GOODRICH AEROSPACE PTE LTD BIMAN BANGLADESH AIRLINES BOEING COMMERCIAL AIRPLANE GROUP LAN CHILE S. A. LLOYD AEREO BOLIVIANO LUFTHANSA MALAYSIA AIRLINES

Partial list of carbonic industry users of Galiso WEMS equipment AMERICAN CARBONIC CARBON DIOXIDE INC. CENTENNIAL BEER SERVICE CITY CARBONIC COMPANY COCA COLA WEST, INC. JOHN BARRITT & SON LTD MARATHON CARBONIC CO. OGDEN CARBON DIOXIDE PAIN ENTERPRISE/CARBON DIOXIDE S & H CARBONIC INC. SPARKLING CARBONIC INC. YETTER'S CARBONIC GAS COMPANY

Partial list of cylinder manufacturing users of Galiso WEMS equipment ASAHI SEISAKUSHO CO. , LTD. BEIJING TIANHAI INDUSTRY CO. LTD CHESTERFIELD CYLINDER COMPANY COYNE CYLINDER COMPANY COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES INFLEX LUXFER GAS CYLINDERS MCS INTERNATIONAL NORRIS CYLINDER COMPANY PRESSED STEEL TANK COMPANY INC. STRATEGIC ENGINEERING (P) LTD. TANQUES MENHER, S. A. DE C. V TAYLOR WHARTON COMPANY WORTHINGTON CYLINDER OF CANADA

Partial list of Fire & Safety companies using Galiso WEMS equipment A & A FIRE & SAFETY AMSAFE CITY FIRE EQUIPMENT CO A & B FIRE EXTINGUISHER & ANTIFIRE TECHNICAL SERVICES CO CITY SALES A & C FIRE EQUIPMENT COMPANY APICAL INDUSTRIES, INC. CLAREY'S SAFETY EQUIPMENT, INC. A-1 FIRE & SAFETY ARCET EQUIPMENT COMPANY COLUMBIA FIRE EQUIPMENT, INC. A-1 FIRE PROTECTION ARGUS SECURITY SYSTEMS INC CONTROL FIRE SYSTEMS LIMITED AAA FIRE AND SAFETY COMPANY INC. ARROW FIRE AND SAFETY COWICHAN FIRE EXTINGUISHER AAA FIRE PROTECTION ASIATIC FIRE SYSTEM PTE LTD COX FIRE EXTINGUISHER SERVICE ABBOTT FIRE & SAFETY ASSURANCE FIRE PROTECTION, LLC CRONIN FIRE EQUIPMENT ABC FIRE INC. ATN INDUSTRIES, INC. CROUCH FIRE & SAFETY PRODUCTS, INC. ABCO FIRE PROTECTION AUGUSTA AUTOMATIC FIRE SYSTEMS CULLODEN FIRE ABCO FIRE PROTECTION AUTOMATIC FIRE CONTROL DAKOTA FIRE EXTINGUISHER ABSOLUTE FIRE PROTECTION, INC. BAY CITIES PYROTECTOR INC. DALMATION FIRE ACCURATE FIRE & SAFETY LIMITED BE SAFE H 2 S CONTROL DANFOR FIRE AND SAFETY ACE FIRE EQUIPMENT AND SERVICE COMP BELPRO FIRE SPECIALISTS, INC. DANKO EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT CO. ADS, INC BELTWAY FIRE EQUIPMENT COMPANY DEPENDABLE FIRE EQUIPMENT, INC. ADVANTUS CORPORATION BENNETT'S FIRE PROTECTION DIRECT FIRE AFLAME FIRE EQUIPMENT CO. BREATHING PROGRAMS DIVAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT, INC. AIDANT FIRE PROTECTION COMPANY BROOKS EQUIPMENT COMPANY EAGLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER CO. AIDANT FIRE PROTECTION COMPANY C. R. FIRELINE INC. EANHANDLE AIR & FIRE SYSTEMS CAMPBELL FIRE PROTECTION, INC. ECONOMY FIRE EXTINGUISHER COMPANY AL CARRIERE EXTINCTEUR (1991) LTEE CARIBBEAN SAFETY PRODUCTS ERNEST E. HORVATH ALEXANDER GOW FIRE EQUIPMENT CO. CC FIRE EQUIPMENT COMPANY ESQUIRE FIRE & SAFETY ALII FIRE PROTECTION COMPANY. LTD CENTURY VALLEN EUREKA HUMBOLDT FIRE ALL SAFE FIRE & SECURITY CERTIFIED FIRE PROTECTION FIRE & SAFETY COMMODITIES, INC. AMARILLO FIRE AND SAFETY, INC. CHIEF FIRE EQUIPMENT AND SERVICE CO FIRE CONTROL NIAGARA - DO NOT USE

Partial list of gas supply company users of Galiso WEMS equipment ABDULLAH HASHIM INDUSTRIAL GAS & J. R. OXYGEN ACETYLENE OXYGEN COMPANY KANOX, INC. ADVANTAGE GASES & TOOLS LINDE GAS (THAILAND) LTD. AGA GAS, S. A. DE C. V. LUBBOCK OXYGEN & MEDICAL GASES, INC AIR LIQUIDE M&H GAS, INC. AIR LIQUIDE AMERICA MESSER DE C. A. , S. A. AIR PRODUCTS CAMEROON MG INDUSTRIES AIRCO GAS AND WELDING SUPPLY MINNEAPOLIS OXYGEN COMPANY AIRGAS INTERMOUNTAIN STATES AIRGAS-NORPAC, INC. NORTHERN GASES AND SUPPLY AIRSEP CORP OXYGEN SERVICE COMPANY AMARILLO MEDICAL OXYGEN PRAXAIR BOC GASES AUSTRALIA LTD PRAXAIR MEXICO SA DE CV BOC LIENHWA INDUSTRIAL GASES CO, LTD PURITAN BENNETT CORPORATION CEN-TEX GAS, INC. PURITY CYLINDER GASES INC. CRYOGAS, GASES INDUSTRIALES DE ROBERTS OXYGEN COMPANY INC. DEXTINSUR S. L/ SAN FU GAS CO. , LTD. EAST COAST GASES WESTERN INTERNATIONAL GAS & CYL. GASES PLUS WESTERN INTERNATIONAL GAS & CYL. GENERAL CRYOGENICS WINE COUNTRY GASES HSING MIEN INDUSTRY CO. , LTD INDUSTRIAL GAS PRODUCTS AND SUPPLY INFRA DE EL SALVADOR SA DE CV ISLAND EQUIPMENT COMPANY IWATANI INDUSTRIAL GAS PTE LTD

Partial list of government & industrial users of Galiso WEMS equipment APC SUPPLY, INC. BECHTEL NEVADA BENECO ENTERPRISES, INC. CATERPILLAR, INC. CORRECTIONAL SERVICE OF CANADA DOW USA DAO-PINE BLUFF ARSENAL GOODRICH CORPORATION FLEET & INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY CENTER ISG WEIRTON STEEL CORPORATION FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY JORGENSEN & COMPANY MARINE CORPS COMMUNITY SERVICE KERR-MCGEE CHEMICAL NORTHERN INDIANA PUBLIC SERVICE CO. MARLIN CONSTRUCTION, LLC ON-SITE FLEET SERVICE, INC. MARLO INTERNATIONAL INC. OPERATING LOCATION ROCK ISLAND PICO INC. (B F GOODRICH) THAI NAVY SAMTECH INTERNATIONAL, INC. TINKER AFB TILLEY AND COMPANY U. S. ACCOUNTING & FINANCE TOLIN DESIGN, INC. US AIRFORCE WATSON COATINGS, INC. WEST PENN LACO INC. WSI

Partial list of medical, energy, and refrigeration users of Galiso WEMS AMERICAN MEDICAL OXYGEN SALES, INC. ARCO ALASKA, INC. "CHIEF'S" INC. HEATING & A/C EASTERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, INC. BRITISH PETROLEUM ARCTIC REFRIGERATION HARTMAN BROTHERS, INC. ERC ENERGY RECOVERY CORPORATION AUTOMOBILE AIR CONDITIONONG CORP HOME CARE NATIONAL PETROLEUM SERVICES COMPANY SACRAMENTO HEATING & AIR CONDITION. MAGGAS MEDICAL PECO ENERGY STREET PLUMBING AND HEATING MEDOX INC. L. P. CYLINDER SERVICE, INC. UNITED REFRIGERATION OF VA. , INC. MED-TEX SERVICES INC WESTERN CASCADE, INC.

Partial list of cylinder service users of Galiso WEMS ALAMO TUBING TESTERS CORP. K & D PRATT LTD. ALLIED INTERNATIONAL KANSAS HYDROSTATICS AMERCO NEVADA CYLINDER TESTING COASTAL HYDROTESTING, LLC NORTHEAST PRESSURE VESSEL LLC COLORADO WEST HYDROTESTING OMEGA NATCHIQ, INC. CORP BROTHERS, INC. PANHANDLE CYLINDER MAINTENANCE CYCLON CYLINDERS PRECISION HYDRO CYLINDER CLINIC, INC. ROD'S SERVICE INC CYLINDER SERVICE & SALES SEVENOAKS COMPANY LITITED CYLINDER SERVICES, INC. SKY CYLINDER TESTING DE-COATERS SMI SERVICES, INC DIVISION SYSTEMS SMI SERVICES, INC DOOLEY TACKABERRY SMULLENS, INC. GENERAL DISTRIBUTING COMPANY SR&FS GENESIS HYDROTEST SYFLO COMPANY GULF COAST HYDRO TECON ENTERPRISES HARING CYLINDER COMPANY THUNDERBIRD CYLINDER INC. J. N. JOHNSON SALES AND SERVICE INC. UNIVERSAL CYLINDER SERVICE, INC JACOB-DIETZ, INC. VIRGINIA CYLINDER SERVICES INC. JACOBS INDUSTRIES LTD.

Partial list of scuba & marine service users of Galiso WEMS AQUA TECH DIVE CENTER ANCHOR INDUSTRIES, LTD. AQUATIC DREAMS SCUBA CENTER BRIDPORT INFLATABLES COASTAL DIVING SERVICES LTD. FINE OCEAN MARINE INDUSTRIAL CORP. SCUBA ADVENTURES SEA SAFETY INTERNATIONAL SCUBA SERVICE SEASAFETY AND SURVIVAL SCUBA SERVICE, BV UNITOR FRS SERVICE MIAMI SHAMROCK MARINE TOWING & SALVAGE SV UNITOR SHIP SERVICES UNDER PRESSURE TECHNOLOGY W. H. BRENNAN UNDERWATER SPORTS INC.

Partial list of welding equipment users of Galiso WEMS ARCSOURCE, INC. HAUN WELDING SUPPLY ARGYLE WELDING SUPPLY COMPANY INDIANAPOLIS WELDING SUPPLY B&R WELDER REPAIR SERVICE, INC. INTERSTATE OF MILWAUKEE INC. BAHAMAS WELDING AND FIRE LTD. J. W. KENNEDY AND SON WELDING SUPPLY BERGER FARM & WELDING SUPPLY KIRK WELDING SUPPLY BILL'S WELDING SUPPLY COMPANY INC. LINCOLN WELDING SUPPLY COMPANY BUCKEYE WELDING SUPPLY MISSISSIPPI WELDING SUPPLY CO, INC CAPWELD, INC. PLAINS WELDING SUPPLY CEDAR RAPIDS WELDING SUPPLY RITE WELD SUPPLY CENTRAL WELDING SUPPLY SOUTHERN WELDING SUPPLY INC. DELTA WELDERS SUPPLY T. W SMITH CORP DIXIE WELDING SUPPLY VANCOUVER WELDING SUPPLY COMPANY FOUR CORNERS WELDING & GAS SUPPLY WELDERS SUPPLY OF CHARLOTTE GAS HOUSE WELDING EQUIPMENT & REPAIR SERVICE WELD-TECH EQUIPMENT