VOLCANOES Chapter 12 pages 330 353 KWL What

VOLCANOES Chapter 12 - pages 330 -353

K-W-L What do I know about volcanoes? What do I want to know about volcanoes? What did I learn about volcanoes?

Volcano Thoughts… Do you agree or disagree? Write A or D. Some deep, underground rocks are so hot that a drop in pressure can cause them to form magma. Deep in Earth's interior, most of Earth's mantle is molten, liquid magma. Magma is forced quickly toward Earth's surface because it is more dense than the rock around it. Most volcanic eruptions occur near plate boundaries or locations called hot spots. Magma that is deep underground can contain water vapor and other gases. Water vapor in magma usually produces volcanoes that erupt quietly with lava that flows smoothly. Some volcanoes can form without lava flows. Most of the magma that forms underground never reaches Earth's surface to form volcanoes. When a volcano stops erupting, the magma inside the vent sinks deep into the Earth, forming a bottomless pit.

Volcano Introduction Movie http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Be 7 o 6 BYVO z. A

Pompeii Reader’s Theatre: Buried Alive

Pompeii • Picture of Ancient Pompeii Prior to Volcanic Eruption: http: //www. ancientvine. com/pompeii. html • Real Pictures to Show of Pompeii Uncovered: http: //missionlanguagelab. blogspot. com/2010 /03/this-young-man-is-writing-aboutgreat. html

What did we learn about volcanoes from the eruption in Pompeii of Mt. Vesuvius?

Mount Vesuvius Eruption http: //litchfieldpatten. weebly. com/vesuviusexploration. html

Pompeii video http: //www. discovery. com/tv-shows/discoverypresents/videos/understanding-volcanoesimages-from-pompeii. htm

On your own… • Read Pliny’s letter • Read page 352 in your textbook about Herculaneum • Read worksheet “Buried Alive” • Answer the questions in the packet

Review Vocabulary • What is lava? • What is magma? • What is a volcano?

An opening in the Earth that allows lava, ash, and gases to escape the earth’s crust What is a volcano?

What is the difference between a mountain and a volcano? A mountain is built by two plates at a convergent boundary. A volcano is built through the build up of molten lava cooling and hardening.

PARTS OF A VOLCANO

Magma Chamber • a large pocket underground full of magma • usually about 5 miles under the surface of the earth • it is where lava comes from

Lava • comes from the magma chamber when a volcano erupts • magma that has reached the earth’s surface • it is over 1000 degrees hot • it turns into igneous rock

aa – flows slowly and chunky

pahoehoe – fluid and rope like

pillow lava – pillow shaped lumps most common

Gas and Ash • made of millions of tiny fragments of rock and glass formed during a volcanic eruption • less than 2 mm in size • causes damage because ash can be carried great distances throughout the atmosphere • it has a cooling effect on the weather because it remains in the sky and reduces sunlight • gas is released from the magma chamber

Vent • the opening in the volcano where lava escapes • usually found as a hole at the top of the volcano • can also be found as cracks along the side

Crater • as lava flows out, it quickly cools and forms layers of rock around the vent • the steeped walled depression around a vent

pyroclastic flow – ash and cinders

Using page 332 in your textbook and the diagram to draw in your science notebook a volcano with the following parts labeled: Side vent Central Vent Ash and gases Magma chamber Lava Crater Crust Mantle

Mini Lab: Modeling Magma Movement clear plastic cup olive oil water eye dropper lab report sheet

How do volcanoes form? • Heat and pressure cause rock to melt • Magma is less dense than the surrounding rock, so it is forced upward • The magma either flows out of the volcano, or it explodes out • Magma hardens as it cools, forming layers of rock

Where do volcanoes occur?

6 P Predictions NEAR THE EQUATOR • HOT SPOTS • ON EARTH • UNDER THE SEA • UNDER THE EARTH’S SURFACE • WHERE PLATES MOVE • WARM CLIMATES • HAWAII • WHERE VOLCANOES HAVE ALREADY OCCURRED • ITALY • POMPEII • NEAR MOUNTAINS • 6 B Predictions • In water • All over the world • The ocean • Under the earth(inside) • Where earthquakes happen • On fault lines • Where plates smash • Hawaii • Where there are mountains • Warm climates • Cool climates

LAB: Plotting Volcanoes Longitude lines: Run north to south/up and down Latitude lines: Run east to west/left to right

Check out this website… • http: //environment. nationalgeographic. com/ environment/natural-disasters/forces-ofnature/? section=v#

Ring of Fire • • • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Pnil. Qsno 2 WI Mr. Parr’s Volcano Song http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Fsz 1 hs-c-U 4 Video on ring of fire large series of volcanoes (some active) encircling the Pacific Ocean are referred to as being part of the Ring of Fire notorious for frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The Ring of Fire coincides with the edges of one of the world's main tectonic plates, (the Pacific Plate) contains over 450 volcanoes and is home to approximately 75% of the world's active volcanoes. Nearly 90% of the world's earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire

Where do volcanoes occur? Divergent plate boundaries: • Two plates move apart • The mid-Atlantic ridge • Plates separate, cracks called rifts form, and lava flows from the cracks • Surtsey – 1963 new island was formed http: //www. surtsey. is/pict/pp_pict_eng/eruptio n/eruption_index. html

Where do volcanoes occur? Convergent Plate Boundaries: • Two plates move together • Oceanic plate under continental plate • Oceanic plate under oceanic plate • Magma forms when the plate sliding below another gets deep enough and hot enough to melt partially causing the magma to rise

• Soufriere Hills on the island of Montserrat http: //www. photovolcanica. com/Volcano. Info/S oufriere%20 Hills/Soufriere%20 Hills. html

Where do volcanoes form? • hot spots • magma rises up through the crust in the middle of a plate • the hot spot remains in one spot while the plate continues to move over it • the result is a trail of volcanoes is left behind with older volcanoes moving away from the hot spot and newer ones forming over top of the hot spot

Hawaiian Islands https: //www. geolsoc. org. uk/Plate. Tectonics/Chap 3 -Plate-Margins/Midplate/Hawaiian-Islands

Famous Volcanoes

1. Mount Fuji, Japan • This volcano is created where the Philippines Plate is subducted under the Eurasian Plate. Last eruption was 1708.

2. Mauna Loa, Hawaii • The world’s largest and one of its most active volcanoes on the Big Island of Hawaii.

3. Mount Saint Helens, Washington • Erupted in 1980 • ask your parents, most will remember this!

4. Paricutin, Mexico • Begin in 1943 and continued to 1952. Cone grew 1100 feet in one year! Began in a farmer’s field with a crack in the earth.

5. Cerro Negro, Nicaragua • April 1850 and very active; last eruption was 1999

6. Mount Vesuvius, Italy • The explosion of this volcano in 79 AD was so great that is destroyed all the civilizations around it.

7. Olympus Mons, Mars • This volcano, while the tallest volcano in the universe, is very flat and sits above a hot spot (Mars doesn’t have tectonic plates).

8. Krakatoa, Indonesia • The 1883 explosion of this volcano was so big that it could be heard 3, 000 miles away. That’s like being able to hear a volcano that exploded in New York City all the way in Oakland.

Volcano Eruption Types • active – currently erupting or shows signs of unrest such as earthquake activity or gas discharged; it is also a volcano that is not currently erupting but has in the recent past; Kileaua in Hawaii • dormant – called “sleeping” volcanoes because they are inactive, but could erupt again; Cascade mountain range along the west side of North America • extinct – not presently erupting and is unlikely to do so for a very long time in the future; Crater Lake in Oregon

current volcanic eruption Indonesia http: //www. cnn. com/2014/02/13/world/asia/in donesia-volcano-eruption-evacuation/ February 2014

2000 meter plume

15, 000 evacuated from 17 villages

Erupting since September 2013 active in 2010 after being dormant for 400 years

Ash covers villages up to 70 km away

1 of 129 active volcanoes in Indonesia; part of the Pacific Ring of Fire

current volcanic eruption Chaparrastique, El Salvador • December 2013 • first eruption in 37 years • ash and gas 5 km high

current volcanic activity Costa Rica • February 2014 • 300 m plume • largest so far in 2014

Alaska – Pavlof Volcano http: //www. cnn. com/2016/03/28/us/pavlofvolcano-eruption-alaska/ Ash plume 37, 000 feet high Trailing 400 miles away

Indonesia Mount Sinabung Volcano • http: //www. cnn. com/2016/05/22/asia/indon esia-mt-sinabung-volcano-erupts/

see chart on page 342 in textbook section two – pages 336 -339 Guiding Questions: • what makes them erupt explosively or quietly? • how does magma content affect eruptions – silica and gases? • what are three forms/types of volcanoes? • big project – pick a volcano

Magma Viscosity • the “gooeyness” or resistance to flow of magma

Viscosity Lab • • • ketchup water vegetable oil syrup m. L cups/drops lab report packet

Viscosity Matchbook • Use pages 336 -339 to help you • You may also use any internet website to help also

Let’s Review Viscosity The “gooeyness” of a liquid The fluidity of a liquid The resistance of a liquid to flow

Quiet Eruptions • • • Basaltic magma low in silica Fluid produces quiet non-explosive eruptions Kilauea water

Explosive Eruptions • • Granitic magma silica rich Thick gas gets trapped inside, pressure builds up produces explosive eruption Soufriere Hills honey

Other explosive: • • Andesitic magma higher silica content than granitic erupt more violently than granitic magma Krakatau

Fissures: • A crack in the earth’s crust where lava erupts

Three Forms of Volcanoes • SHIELD • CINDERCONE • COMPOSITE or STRATOVOLCANO

SHIELD

• Quiet volcano • Lava flows • Basaltic lava • Broad volcano with gently sloping sides • Fissures • Hawaiian volcanoes

CINDER CONE

• Explosive volcano • Tephra thrown into air – tephra bits of rock or solid lava • Granitic lava • Steep sided and loosely packed • Paricutin

tephra Volcanic ash Volcanic cinders Volcanic bombs Volcanic blocks

COMPOSITE

• Stratovolcano is another name • Varies between quiet and violent eruptions • Explosive period erupts gas and ash forming a tephra layer • Quieter period erupts lava over the tephra layer

Virtual Volcano • Building volcanoes packet • http: //kids. discovery. com/games/buildplay/volcano-explorer • Laptops!

Volcano Skits

Types of Rock Features from Volcanoes • • • Batholith Sills Dikes Volcanic neck Calderas

Batholith • Largest intrusive rock body • Hundreds of kilometers wide and long; several km thick • Magma cools and hardens before reaching surface

Sills • Intrusive rock • Magma is forced into a crack parallel to rock layers and hardens

Dikes • Intrusive rock • Magma is forced into a crack that cuts across rock layers and hardens

Volcanic Necks • Volcano stops erupting and the magma hardens inside the vent • Erosion wears away the volcano • The inside (core) is left as a volcanic neck

Calderas • Magma chamber empties • The top of a volcano collapses • A large depression is formed • Water fills it and creates a lake

What are the benefits of volcanoes? • Valuable elements such as silver, gold, sulfur, zinc and copper are found in magma; the elements form minerals and miners discover them

• Magma heats underground water and that produces heat and electricity that is clean and renewable Renewable energy source

Recreation

Preserves history • Pompeii/Herculaneum • Nebraska – fossils of animals buried in ash

Java, Indonesia • Has active volcanoes • Have grown rice in the same plot for centuries • Ash helps renew the soil

Cooking eggs in the steam of a hot spring in Beppu, Japan

Ol Doinyo Lengai – African volcano Ash turns into sodium bicarbonate – baking soda ingredient; wind carries the ash from Tanzania to Kenya where it is mined.

Underwater volcano vents • 1. 5 miles beneath the surface of the ocean 12 foot worms collect around the vents of volcanoes

Silversword plants grow only on the volcanic islands of Maui and Hawaii. It is an endangered species.

Bison gather around the hotsprings of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. A magma chamber beneath Yellowstone heats its hotsprings.

Build islands

My personal favorite… …chocolate! Chocolate comes from plants that grow best in volcanic soil!

Negative Effects of Volcanoes

Play Review Game • Under my documents “Volcano Review Game”

Let’s review our chapter concepts: Some deep, underground rocks are so hot that a drop in pressure can cause them to form magma. Deep in Earth's interior, most of Earth's mantle is molten, liquid magma. Magma is forced quickly toward Earth's surface because it is more dense than the rock around it. Most volcanic eruptions occur near plate boundaries or locations called hot spots. Magma that is deep underground can contain water vapor and other gases. Water vapor in magma usually produces volcanoes that erupt quietly with lava that flows smoothly. Some volcanoes can form without lava flows. Most of the magma that forms underground never reaches Earth's surface to form volcanoes. When a volcano stops erupting, the magma inside the vent sinks deep into the Earth, forming a bottomless pit.

K-W-L What do I know about volcanoes? What do I want to know about volcanoes? What did I learn about volcanoes?

• Show the united streaming video

http: //mail. colonial. net/~hkaiter/volca noesthree. html really good website