VOLCANO CHAPARRASTIQUE ERUPTS IN EL SALVADOR Sunday December

VOLCANO CHAPARRASTIQUE ERUPTS IN EL SALVADOR Sunday, December 29, 2013 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

EL SALVADOR IS LOCATED ON THE “RING OF FIRE”

LOCATION MAP

CHAPARRASTIQUE ERUPTS AGAIN: DEC. 29, 2013

The Chaparrastique volcano, which is located in the San Miguel municipality about 140 km (87 miles) east of San Salvador, the capital, spewed ash over a wide area known for its coffee plantations.

The dense column of gas and ash rose more than 5, 000 meters (3 miles) into the air, and debris was spread in a radius of 10 kilometers (6 miles) from the volcano

INITIAL IMPACTS • No immediate reports of casualties or injuries. • Officials warned that wind could carry smoke and ash from the Chaparrastique to Tegucigalpa, the capital of neighboring Honduras. • Flights to and from El Salvador were cancelled on Sunday.

After erupting 26 times in the last 500 years, Chaparrastique is considered the most active of El Salvador’s 23 active volcanoes.

RESCUE WORKERS FACILITATING EVACUATIONS

SOME OF THE 1635 EVACUEES: 7 TEMPORARY SHELTERS

COPING WITH THE VOLCANIC ASH

SOLDIERS MAINTAIN SECURITY

VOLCANOES

VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS • VERTICAL ASJ PLUME (can affect jet aircraft) • TEPHRA • LATERAL BLAST • PYROCLASTIC CLOUDS, BURSTS, AND FLOWS

VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS • LAVA FLOWS • LAHARS (can bury villages) • EARTHQUAKES (related to movement of lava) • “VOLCANIC WINTER” (causing famine and mass extinctions)

CAUSES OF RISK LATERAL BLAST PYROCLASTIC FLOWS FLYING DEBRIS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS CASE HISTORIES VOLCANIC ASH LAVA FLOWS LAHARS TOXIC GASES

VOLCANO RISK • VOLCANO HAZARDS • PEOPLE & BLDGS. • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION DATA BASES AND INFORMATION ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK INDONESIA’S GOAL: VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE COMMUNITIES POLICY OPTIONS HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • EARLY WARNING • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR VOLCANOES RISK ASSESSMENT • VULNERABILITY • COST • EXPOSURE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS • EVENT EXPECTED LOSS • BENEFIT • CONSEQUENCES POLICY ASSESSMENT POLICY ADOPTION

THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE: 1) KNOW THE ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF YOUR REGION’S VOLCANOES, 2) BE PREPARED 3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 4) EVACUATE 5) LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE AND START OVER

MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES AND WARNING SYSTEMS ARE A VITAL PART OF BECOMING RESILIENT

INTEGRATED AIR AND LAND MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES ARE VITAL .