Volcanic rhyolite andesite basalt Plutonic granite diorite gabbro

Volcanic rhyolite andesite basalt Plutonic granite diorite gabbro gneiss schist slate marble sandstone limestone

andesite

Rhyolite

Dacite

Basalt

Granite

Granodiorite

Gabbro

Micrite-Spar-Fossils (Allochems) - in Limestones

Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

Contact Metamorphism (leading to massive rocks)

quartzite

Tuckahoe marble

Carrara marble

Lasa marble

Vermont Royal Danby marble

Mechanical and Physical Properties of Materials: STONE

Mechanical Properties Compression Flexure Tension Modulus Hardness Ductility-Brittleness Impact Creep-Fatigue Physical Properties Porosity-Density Thermal Behavior: heat capacity, heat conductivity, expansion Chemical Properties Solubility: corrosion, dissolution Optical Properties Absorption Color Reflection Refraction Transmission Electrical Properties Conductivity Dielectric-Insulation

How stone is stressed or loaded:

How materials fail when subjected to loads:

STRESS STRAIN

Coefficient of Expansion (Thermal)

Porosity of Common Rocks * *

Thermal Conductivity of Some Materials (W/m/K) Aluminum Brass Bronze Carbon Steel Cast Iron Copper Stainless Steel Granite Limestone Marble Sandstone Brickwork Concrete Air 205 -237 109 -159 42 -50 36 -54 55 385 -401 14 -16 1. 73 -3. 98 1. 26 -1. 33 2. 07 -2. 94 1. 83 -2. 90 0. 19 0. 8 -1. 28 0. 024